Dr. Nagy I. Zoltán szerk.: Fragmenta Mineralogica Et Palaentologica 6. 1975. (Budapest, 1975)
features in the new species, I include the figures of many specimens and of also some of the recent ones, dental and cranial characters as well as bacula and humeri. WhenI observed differences between the fossil and the recent species in the mandibular characters, I counted and figured the means, variances and standard errors for each sample as usual. (See fig. 1.). Measurements . Minimum and maximum values of measurements of the new species as well as the other parameters are shown in the 1. and 2. tables. Description and comparisons . Skull and mandible . Comparison of the new species, of R h. grivensis and of Rh. lissiensis. I received drawings of the type-specimen, and of another mandibular fragment with P2-P3, of the Miocene species Rh. grivensis. After comparing them, and considering the mesurements given by MEIN (1964), and the drawings and measurements published by ZAPFE (1950, 1952), it became evident that Rh. grivensis i s a bigger species than the present new animal. It was clearly seen that P4 of Rh. grivensis and that of Rh. lissiensis were fully similar in size and therefore these practically identical in this respect. In P4 length, Rh. variabilis n.sp. definitely differs from both Rh. lissiensis and Rh. g rivensis , having smaller P4. Even the specimen with longest P4,(Inventary No. V. 75.99) has shorter and narrower P, thus with smaller bulk of crown, than that of Rh. grivens is. The M1-M3 length of Rh. lissiensis was bigger than that of Rh. grivensis, mainly because of the greater length of its M-^. The difference in M]^-M3 lengths of Rh. variabilis , n.sp. and of Rh. lissiensis was similarly great. So, in this respect there was no practical difference between the new species and Rh. g rivensis . Two specimens of the new animal (Inventary Nos. V. 75. 98 and V 75.99) have a very long P2, and so their length equal that of Rh . g rivensis , but the crowns are somewhat less wide. The other five specimens of Rh. variabilis n.sp. have shorter and smaller P 2 . The P3 premolar of Rh. g rivensis partly overlaps the hind margin of crown of P2, just as in No. V. 75.96 Rh. variabiMs n. sp. , however, its (P3) basal outline is circular, while it is orocaudally flattened, although somewhat bigger, in No. V 75.96 Rh. variabilis n. sp . Comparisons with Rh. hip posideros hi p posideros and Rh. hi p posideros minimus . In many respects, the new species is more primitive than the Central European from of the recent animal. This is shown by some dental characters, as well as a tendency of looseness in the oral portion of toothrows, which is, however, a subject of variation, at least to the same extent, in its way, as in the dental characters of the recent species. There is no doubt that the fore-teeth are generally bigger than in Rh. hipposideros . The upper C - almost without exception - is stronger and wider in Rh. variabilis n.sp. than in Rh.h. hi pp osideros and in Rh . h . minimus . The fossil material displays a similar or greater P 2 , always entirely within the toothrow. The crown of this tooth in some specimens is decidedly bigger than in any of the recent specimens studied. The big crowned p2 premolars are more or less overlapping the crown of C, or rather, that of P 4 . This feature never occurs in recent specimens. The anterior portion of the cingulum in p4 is very weak as compared to those of recent specimens. The talon of the fossil tooth is more developed than in recent ones, so the protocone is situated at a greater distance from the inner margin of the talon. The available fossil exemplars have forwardpointing upper C, P 2 and p4. We would need, however, well preserved and a greater number of specimens to decide whether these teeth are really much more orally reaching than in the recent ones. The few existing specimens showed this phenomenon, also observed in a fossil species of the Rh. ferrumequinum group (TOPÁL 1963). This fea-
