S. Mahunka szerk.: Folia Entomologica Hungarica 61. (Budapest, 2000)

PHYLOGENETIC CONSIDERATIONS According to the morphological characters, the Carayonemidae family belongs to the Orthezioidea (Archaeococcoidea) (Koteja 1974) having abdominal spiracles. It appears to be near to Mixorthezia (Ortheziidae), having fused trochanter-femur, and in case of some species with fused tibia-tarsus, short (3-segmented) antennae, having a sensory pore on the second segment of the antenna. Anal ring well developed, with setae. By the presence of wax plates on the body, but the wax plate spines are modified to fimbriate, or umbelliform setae. The known distribution pattern is also similar to Mixorthezia. The adult female in alcohol looks like an Ortheziola (Ortheziidae) (most of the species known from the Ethiopian Region) (Kozár and Miller 2000). It differs from Ortheziidae, and Margarodidae by having thoracic and abdominal spiracles on the dorsum, by the absence of ovisac band on the abdomen, and by lack of multilocular pores and tubular ducts. The presence of developed anal lobes and bilocular pores is unusual for the Orthezioidea. The study of the morphological structures of the different larval stages did not yield more information in understanding the phylogenetic relationships. The presence of the long, tube like spiracles on the dorsum and the fimbriate or umbelliform setae may help the members of this family to survive on the water surface and represent them as water scales, which were looked for long time by coccidologists. Acknowledgements — The authors would like to thank the OTKA (Hungarian Scientific Research Fund) (Grant No. T 022005 and 025796) for financial support of this project, and especially to Prof. Dr. János Balogh (Eötvös Loránd University, Budapest), and Dr. Sándor Mahunka (Hungarian Natural History Museum, Budapest), who made their material in Arachnida collection available for study. Thanks are also due to Dr. Tibor Jermy for the English corrections. Koteja, J. (1974): On the phylogeny and classification of the scale insects (Homoptera, Coccinea) (discussion based on the morphology of the mouthparts). —Acta zool. cracov. 19: 267-325. Koteja, J. (1980): Campaniform, basiconic, coeloconic, and intersegmental sensilla on the antennae in the Coccinea (Homoptera). —Acta biol. cracov. 22: 73-88. Kozár, F. and D. Miller (2000): World revision of the genus Ortheziola Sulc, 1895 (Homoptera: Coccoidea) with descriptions of eleven new species. — Systematic Entomology 25: 15—45. Miller, D. R., Y. Ben-Dov and G. Gibbson (1999): ScaleNET a searchable information system on scale insects. — Entomologica, Bari (on www and in print). Richard, C. (1986): Carayonemidae famille nouvelle Carayonema orousseti, n. gen., n. sp., de Guyane française (Homoptera, Coccoidea). —Annls Soc. ent. Fr. 22: 268-273. (Received: 10th June, 2000) Authors' address: Ferenc KOZÁR and Zsuzsanna KONCZNÉ BENEDICTY REFERENCES Plant Protection Institute Hungarian Academy of Sciences H-1525 Budapest, Pf. 102 HUNGARY e-mail: H2405KOZ@ella.hu