S. Mahunka szerk.: Folia Entomologica Hungarica 61. (Budapest, 2000)

addition, an Argentine text treating plants of medicinal concern (Lifchitz 1974) appears to list Cuscuta under its category "tremblers" - referring to the most notable symptom shown by animals which have ingested it. The book denotes such poisoning as potentially lethal to livestock if not treated immediately; treatments include induced vomiting and "bleeding" the animal to lessen toxicity levels. The biology of P. parana is unknown. Zoogeographie significance: Discovery of P. jujuyensis heightens biogeographic interest in the overall distribution of the chilensis-species group. Discovery of a NW Argentine species, coupled with the (1) well known Chilean distribution of P. chilensis and (2) isolation of P. parana in upland SE Brazil biomes where paramo-like vegetation persists above 2200 m, suggests that the ancestral distribution of the species group may predate the geographic barriers currently separating the group's three species. Hugh Safford (University of California, Davis, pers. com.) a specialist on Austral-Antarctic and montane SE Brazilian flora, notes a number of botanical distributions paralleling, to one degree of another, the range disjunctions of the chilensis-species group (maritime Chile, montane SE Brazil, wetter highlands of Tucuman and Jujuy and the Bolivian Yungas). These include the plant genera Araucaria, Griselinia, Drimys, Weinmannia, Escallonia, Myrceugenia, Azara, Fuchsia, Podocarpus, Chusquea, Lucilia, Perezia, and others (Safford 1999a, b). Characters of the chilensis-species suggest that the phylogenetic relations of the group are chilensis I jujuyensis - parana. Safford (pers. comm.) has called to our attention that other researchers (Smith 1962, Vuilleumier 1969, Landrum 1981 and Berry 1989) have concluded that a relatively well-defined Austral-Antarctic flora occurred across most of southern South America until the late Miocene (by mid-Tertiary, climates had cooled enough to drive most warm tropical taxa northward). Subsequently, rainshadow and other uplifting affects of Andean mountain building split this mostly forest-like flora into western and eastern members, with remnants persisting in moister pockets in between (as in the Tucuman/Yungas regions). The cooler highland forests of SE Brazil also represent modified relicts of the midTertiary forests once covering southern South America. These were much like the southern Chilean forests and, at elevations in SE Brazil higher than 2200 m, a paramolike vegetation persists that is comparable to that in the Andean and Central American highlands. For relict populations surviving in SE Brazilian uplands, the Parana/Rio de la Plata Basin subsequently presented a lowland and quite warm barrier to poorly dispersing species intolerant of continentaltropical conditions. Thus, the disjunction seen today in many plants, and some butterflies as well. Other lycaenid butterflies Fig. 9. Geographic distribution of Pseudolucia chilensis (Blanchard) (dashed area), Pseudolucia jujuyensis sp. n. (asterisk) and Pseudolucia parana Bálint (open circle)