S. Mahunka szerk.: Folia Entomologica Hungarica 59. (Budapest, 1998)
FOLIA ENTOMOLOGICA HUNGARICA ROVARTANI KÖZLEMÉNYEK LIX 1998 pp. 5-16 Zoogeographical analysis of the Orthoptera fauna from the Bükk Mountains (N Hungary) I. A. Rácz Zoogeographical analysis of the Orthoptera fauna from the Bükk Mountains (N Hungary) - On the basis of the dynamic faunistic element conception, the 75 Orthoptera species of the Bükk Mountains it may be divided into two major groups: the Siberian and the Mediterranean types. On the basis of the fauna analysis, the Bükk Mountains may be divided into three major zones (forested, submountainous and mountainous), wich are characterized by special fauna-ratio. The submountainsous zone has a special position playing an intermediate-screening role between the forested steppe, while the mountainous zones mediating the Siberian and screening the Mediterranean elements. This special position originates from the similarity of the slope-steppes of forested steppes and grasslands of the mountainous zone having shallow soil and occurring near the peaks owing to edaphic reasons. INTRODUCTION, MATERIALS AND METHODS 75 Orthoptera species have been found in the Bükk Mountains (33 Ensifera species and 42 Caelifera species). This sum represents nearly 70% of the Orthoptera fauna of Hungary (Nagy and Rácz 1996). This abundance of species due to various topography and plant associations of the mountains (Árokszállásy 1977, Suba 1983) suggests a diversified zoographical pattern. This pattern shows similarity with the biogeographic pattern of the Carpathian Basin (Varga 1995). In the analysis, the static distribution of the faunistic elements based on recent area pattern was ignored, although this method has been used in the studies. It was taken into consideration that recent formation of the area patterns was dynamically created by the current relevant factors of the last 10 000 years, therefore, they do not indicate static conditions but rather dynamically varied condition devices. Taking the "aequiformal progressive areas" of Kulczynsky (1927) and Hultén (1937) as a starting-point , the taxons were classed among spreading centres. In this way the individual species as faunistic elements, according to recent spreading pattern (geoelements), are actually the various expansive degrees of the spreading types ("Ausbreitungstyp") (area analytic method -Holdhaus and Deubel 1929, Reinig 1950, DeLattin 1967, Varga 1971, 1975, 1977, 1981) (Table 1).
