S. Mahunka szerk.: Folia Entomologica Hungarica 59. (Budapest, 1998)

account of edaphic-microclimatic causes, is the least in this submountainous zone. In this way, zone II practically plays an intermediate-screening role between the collin and the mountainous zone. Special attention must be paid to species which occur in the adequate habitats of forested steppe and mountainous zone, practically omitting the submountainous zone. These species are the following: Barbitistes constrictus - southern boundary of its spreading is the Northern Mountains line in the Carpathian Basin (Fig. 6). Barbitistes serricauda - for the first time this species was found by Rácz (1979, 1986) in the Northern Mountains (Fig. 6). Tettigonia caudata - the occurrence of this Ponto-Mediterranean species is very sporadic, particulary in the mountainous zone (Fig. 3). Saga pedo - in the Carpathian Basin this species occurs sporadically, only in isolated areas (Fig. 3). The "omission" is partly explained by the above mentioned facts, i.e. submountainous zone is the most forested, therefore, this zone provides poor habitats for Orthoptera species. Furthermore, near the peaks, particularly on the southern exposed slopes, habitats formed by soil erosion, edaphically and microclimatically similar to the slopesteppes, of forested steppes thus provide life conditions for these species. SUMMARY On the basis of the dynamic faunistic element conception, the 75 Orthoptera species of the Bükk Mountains may be divided into two major groups: the Siberian and the Mediterranean types. Representives of these types could migrate into Europe (and into the Carpathian Basin) during the Quaternary faunistic motions, similarly to the members of the eremial type. Balkan and European types, which are present only in insignificant percentage, may be regarded as recent descendants of the autochthonous faunas (Fig. 1). Faunistic motions have to be considered even in the present, e.g. progression of the Mediterranean Phaneroptera nana and regression of the Siberian Stauroderus scalaris and Arcyptera fusca. On the basis of the fauna analysis, the Bükk Mountains may be divided into three major zones (forested, submountainous and mountainous), which are characterized by special fauna-ratio (Fig. 2). The submountainous zone has a special position: it plays an intermediate-screening role between the forested steppe and the mountainous zones, mediating the Siberian and screening the Mediterranean elements. This special position originates from the similarity of the slope-steppes of forested steppes and grasslands of the mountainous zone having shallow soil and occurring near the peaks because of edaphical reasons (Table 3). REFERENCES Árokszállásy, Z. (1977): A Bükk-vidék növénytakarója. A Bükk-hegység növénytársulásai (Vegetation cover of the Bükk region. Plant association of the Bükk Mountains) - In: Bükk útikalauz, pp. 89-106.