S. Mahunka szerk.: Folia Entomologica Hungarica 58. (Budapest, 1997)

224 L. Zombori and V. Ermolenko Scolioneura betűied (Klug, 1814), Cladardis semicincta (Hartig, 1837), Rhadinoceraea reitteri Konow, 1890. Furthermore, the pine pests, like Diprion pini (Linné, 1758), Neodiprion sertifer (Fourcroy, 1785) and Gilpiniapallida (Klug, 1812) are also found here. Some gall-making sawflies, like Pontania dolichura (Thomson, 1871), P. vesicator (Bremi, 1849), or Megalodontes klugi (Leach, 1817) feeding freely in soft-stemmed plants are found in the Carpathian Basin and all round it, but not eastward to this territory. On the steppe one may find various mesophilous species: Stehctiphora furcata (Villers, 1789), Arge cyanocrocea (Förster, 1771), A. melanochroa (Gmelin, 1790), A. pagana (Panzer, 1798), Endelomyia aethiops (Fabricius, 1781), Pareophora pruni (Linné, 1758) attached to sonVstemmed plants and to shrubs. Marshy places with alder and willow give shelter to gall-making and mining species, like to populations of different Pontania, Euura, Phyllocolpa and Heterarthrus species, or species feeding freely on the vegetation, like the communities of Croesus and Nematus species. Among the other hygrophilous species, the following should be mentioned: Dolerus haematodes (Schrank, 1781), D. madidus (Linné, 1767), D. niger (Linné, 1767), D. triplicatus Klug, 1814, Loderus eversmanni (Kirby, 1882), Metallus gei (Brischke, 1882), Selandria serva (Fabricius, 1793) and Eriocampa ovata (Linné, 1761). The number of species developing on cultivated plants is also high: Cephus cultratus Eversmann, 1847, C. pygmaeus (Linné, 1762), Tracheitis tabidus (Fabricius, 1775), Athalia rosae (Linné, 1758), Nematus myosotidis (Fabricius, 1804), N. tibialis (Newman, 1837), Pachynematus clitellatus (Lepeletier, 1823). Among the horticultural pests: Neurotoma nemoralis (Linné, 1758), Arge ochropus (Gmelin, 1790), Blennocampa pusilla (Klug, 1814), Ca/iroa cerasi (Linné, 1758), Homplocampa minuta (Christ, 1791), H. testudinea (Klug, 1814), Cladius pectinicornis Fourcroy, 1785. If we examine now, whether the ring-like mountainous chains of the Carpathians might have functioned as a natural barrier to the east-west expansion of the sawflies and whether it might have played a significant role in the faunation of the Caipathian Basin, then we should first scrutinize the vegetation of these mountains. Obviously it belongs to the Central European, mostly broad-leaved forest zone, which in fact may be subdivided into four sections: 1. beech forests, 2. pine forests, 3. subalpine territories with Pinus mugo, 4. alpine region (without trees). Phylogenetically relict species, at lower altitudes, are Pleroneura coniferarum (Hartig, 1837), the parasitoid Orussus abietinus (Scopoli, 1763). At middle and higher elevations: Blasticotoma filiceti Klug, 1834, while in the subalpine zone: Hemichroa monticola Ermolenko, 1960, Fenusafruticicola Ermolenko, 1960. Sawfly species on the brink of extinction, at lower altitudes, are Urocerus augur (Klug, 1803), Pamphilius inanitus (Villers, 1789), Abia candens Konow, 1887, Trichiosoma silvaticum (Leach, 1817), Sterictiphora furcata (Villers, 1789), Arge metal/ica (Klug, 1817), Dolerus ferrugatus Lepeletier, 1823, D. madidus (Klug, 1814), Elinora sabariensis (Mocsáry, 1880), Macrophya militaris (Klug, 1814). In mountains of middle height the following species are in danger: Pamphilius lethierryi (Konow, 1880), Janus femoratus (Curtis, 1830), Cimbex fagi (Zaddach, 1863), Trichiosoma sorbi Klug, 1814, Abia nitens (Linné, 1758), Aprosthema tarda (Klug, 1812), Selandria excisa Konow, 1885, Tenthredo maculata Fourcroy, 1785, Croesus latipes (Villaret, 1832). At higher elevations (1300-1500 m): Monoctenus juniperi (Linné, 1758), Heterarthrus aceris (Kaltenbach, 1856), Aglaostigma lichtwardti (Konow, 1890), Tenthredo propinqua Klug, 1814. Subalpine inhabitants are Acantholyda flaviceps (Retzius, 1783), A. pumiliFoliaent. hung. 58, 1997