S. Mahunka szerk.: Folia Entomologica Hungarica 56. (Budapest, 1995)
similar but quicker process was detected in June, 1994. In the autumn of 1993, samples were taken in the increasing phase of that process only. Based on our field observations, we may divide the flies according to their behaviour for locating droppings into two groups: a) good flier species with ability of longdistance detection of smells (Adia cinerella, Musca spp., Neomyia cornicina, etc.) and b) small or minute flies, which use the pasture vegetation as take-off grounds, blown by the wind randomly to places close to droppings and oriented by smells from a short distance. These small flies do not fly away from droppings when disturbed but just crawl or jump off and hide among the grass roots, etc. in order to keep olfactory contact with the droppings. By knowing this we left droppings after selecting them (and sticking poles nearby as signs) for at least half an hour, before we covered them by our isolators. As it was experienced in very dry sites like localities in Afghanistan, not only coprophagous species are collectible on droppings but also those flies which are attracted by the higher humidity on or in the close vicinity of the droppings (mostly phytophagous species of the families Agromyzidae and Chloropidae). Pan traps (30 x 16 samples with more than 15 000 flies) fix insects havinglanded at given points of sheep-runs from the aerial plankton in surprizingly high number. Most of the important coprophagous species were also collected this way. Nevertheless, species developing very far from pastures were also captured which are obviously not members of the coprophagous or pasture grass assemblages (detailed results will be published in a subsequent paper). The results of quanlitative analysis of our data matrix with more sophisticated methods will be published in subsequent papers. Acknowledgments - I wish to thank Mr László Ádám (Dept. Zoology, HNHM) for his help with sampling and for his advice. I am grateful to Dr Csaba Moskát (Ecological Research Group, Dept. Zoology, HNHM), the project leader of OTKA No. 3188 for continuously supporting of our studies. REFERENCES Ádám, L. (1986): Beetles (Coleoptera) inhabiting sheep droppings in dry pastures of Hungary. - Folia ent. hung. 47: 5-12. Olechowicz, E. (1974): Analysis of a sheep pasture ecosystem in the Pieniny mountains (the Carpathians). X. Sheep dung and the fauna colonizing it. - Ecol. polska 22: 589-616. Papp, L. (1985«): Flies (Diptera) developing in sheep droppings in Hungary. - Acta zool. hung. 31: 367-379. Papp, L. (1985b): The role of taxonomy in the control of flies pestering grazing cattle and sheep in Hungary. - Veterinary Parasitology 18: 197-202. Papp, L. (1992): Fly communities in pasture dung: some results and problems (Diptera). -Acta zool. hung. 38: 375-388. Papp, L. (1993): Flies (Diptera) on and in pasture dung: a further contribution. - Folia ent. hung. 54: 107-114.
