S. Mahunka szerk.: Folia Entomologica Hungarica 56. (Budapest, 1995)
The Jaccard index (species identity, paired comparison of the sites) of the three sites are JF,K = 0.373, J F ,v = 0.353 and J V ,K = 0.418 The Jaccard-index values of some samples from the same locality are as follows At Kunszentmiklós sampling was taken on the 19th of May in all the three years (1992: 78 ex of 24 spp.; 1993: 543 ex. of 25 spp.; 1994: 744 ex. of 36 spp.): J 2 ,3 = 15/34 = 0.44; h A = 17/43 = 0.40; h A = 15/46 = 0.33. The species identity of the Kunszentmiklós samples taken on the 14th and 15th of June, 1994(135 ex. of 18 spp. and 339 ex. of 21 spp.) is: J u = 11/28 = 0.39. The only day when we managed to collect two series of samples (adjacent to each other) was at Forráspuszta on the 3rd of June, 1992. The Jaccard index value of the two series (348 ex. of 34 spp. and 206 ex. of 23 spp.) is: J 1>2 = 18/39 = 0.46. These values respectively show that we must not state that any geographical difference has been proved for these three sites. A good part of the species found only at Kunszentmiklós, namely Drapetis flavipes, Sepsis neocynipsea, Aphaniosoma hungaricum, Tethina sp., Pelomyiella hungarica, Norrbomia hispanica, Norrbomia somogyii, Coproica digitata, Coproica pusio, Leptometopa niveipennis, Lispe sp. (not all are coprophagous), is characteristic for the salty grasslands of Central and Eastern Hungary. All the other differences in species composition may be attributed to the smaller than optimum sample size (e.g. the number of shared species is largely proportional with the total number of specimens caught). That is, no more than pecularities of pastures in the salty grassland are to be recognized when comparing the sites. Sample sizes of the two Transdanubian sites are not large enough to represent more than the dominant-subdominant species of the assemblages and representatives of some rare species randomly. This is why the differences are seemingly so large between the samples (see Papp 1993). Extreme differences were found in the numbers of colonizing flies (incl. a dropping with 1 566 dipterous specimens, KSZ930602) but there were also droppings without any fly particularly so for springtime and hot summer samples (remember: numbers given in Table 1 are reductions of 20 isolators each). Invariances are detectable for dominant-subdominant species only. In order to estimate the effect of randomness in the results in 20 isolators, computer simulations will be performed in the near future. At the site of Kunszentmiklós the sample series collected in the spring of 1993 and 1994 are characterized by a comparatively high total abundance and by extremely high abundance of three Coproica species (Coproica ferruginata, C. hirticula, C. vagans: the dominant one), which develop mainly in dung heaps and in animal houses. The causes of those results are that dung was removed from sheep-pens and it was humped beside them. NW winds blew thousands of sphaerocerids from there into the grassland. And although all the three species normally develop in sheep droppings (Papp 1985a), the sheep droppings proper and present were not enough to maintain their high abundance; the imagoes were blown to and fro on the "puszta" (according to the mechanism described below) and their number decreased from week to week. The emergence of the next "generation" was not enough to replace aged imagoes which died in the meantime. A
