S. Mahunka szerk.: Folia Entomologica Hungarica 55. (Budapest, 1994)

Polemochartus liparae (Giraud, 1863) (=Polemon) Giraud reared and described this species from Lipara lucens (1863). Later authors agreed that it develops most often in this species (Reijnvaan et al. 1906, Wagner 1907, Henriksen 1918-19, Erdős 1955, 1957a, Ruppolt 1956-57, Mook 1961, 1967, Fulmek 1968, Waitzbauer 1969, Waitzbauer et al. 1973, Chvála et al. 1974, Hudec et al. 1981, Abraham et Carstensen 1982, De Bruyn 1987, Wolf 1988, etc.). It has been found in other species of Lipara, but more seldom. Such Lipara species are L. pullitarsis (De Bruyn 1987), L. rufitarsis (Wolf 1988) and L. similis (Giraud 1863, Henriksen 1918-19, Erdős 1957a, Fulmek 1968, Hudec etal. 1981). In Mongolia it was reared from the galls of L. brevipilosa (Nartshuk 1977). Distribution: It is known from the whole of Europe and from Mongolia. Rearing results: The Hungarian and Swiss data differ from the results given in foreign literature. We reared it only from L. lucens (Dely-Draskovits etal. 1993). Rearing data: L. lucens: 1:26, 2:19, 3:11, 4:2, 5:1, 6:1, 7:7, 9:5, 10:15, 11:1, 13:2, 14:2,19:10, 20:13, 21:38, 23:3, 25:2, 26:2. Altogether 160 specimens were found in galls from 18 sites. According to our observations, it is the most widespread species rearing in Lipara galls in Hungary, since 75% of the localities yielded this species. An extremely large population was found in the area of the Hortobágy National Park, Margitai-erdő, where 73% of the L. lucens galls were infected by Hymenopterans. It was common in the region of the Lake Fertő and Lake Velence, as well. In Hungary 38% of the galls were infested by P. liparae, twice as much as by P. aboletus or Stenomalina liparae the two second most common species (Table 3). Polemochartus melas (Giraud, 1863) (=Polemon) Giraud described this species on the basis of specimens reared from L. lucens (L. tomentosa) galls. In Europe it was also reared from L. rufitarsis and L. pullitarsis galls (Chvála et al. 1974, De Bruyn 1987, etc.). In Austria it was found in Platycephala planiformis galls, too (Waitzbauer et al. 1974). These galls are morphologically very similar to the galls of L. similis. In Japan three host species are known (L. frigida, L. rufitarsis and L. vallicola; Maetô 1983). Distribution: Known in Europe and Japan. Rearing results: In Hungary it rears mostly from L. rufitarsis, but sometime from L. lucens and L. pullitarsis galls, as well. Rearing data: L. lucens: 3:1, 10:1; L. pullitarsis: 10:1; L. rufitarsis: 1:2, 2:33, 3:2, 8:1, 10:1, 13:1. Six sites provided 43 infected galls. It was extremely abundant around the Lake Fertő at the sorting area of the local reed management company in Hidegség. Forty per cent of the Hymenoptera found here belonged to this species. The distribution of the species might correspond to the distribution of the host, L. rufitarsis (Chvála et al. 1974). It is the third most frequent parasitoid of Hymenoptera, yielding 10% of all the occurrence of parasitoids in the material.