S. Mahunka szerk.: Folia Entomologica Hungarica 54. (Budapest, 1993)

Despite the small sample number of this examination (6), Fig. 5 deserves attention for it shows the connection between the lead content of spruce needles and the guild diversity of their foliage community. According to Clausen (1986), there is no correlation between air pollution and species diversity of spider (Shannon-Wiener and Simpson index). We think, further examinations are necessary to interpret the correlation and prove the assumed connection we found between guild diversity and lead burden. Acknowledgements I should like to thank Tamás Németh and Zsuzsa Bunyevácz for the heavy metal analysis of the pine needle samples, and Zoltán Nagy, Mrs Tiborné Trajbár, Gyula Széles and Mrs Istvánné Györe for the technical works of the paper. References Balogh, J. and Loksa, I. (1948): Quatitativ-biosociologische Untersuchung der Arthropodenwelt Ungarischer Sandgebiete. - Arch. Biol. Hung. (2), 18: 65-100. Bengtsson, G. and Rundgren, S. (1984): Ground-living invertebrates in metal-polluted forest soils. - Atnbio 13:29-33. Bishop, L. and Riechert, S. E. (1990): Spider colonization of agroecosystems: Mode and source. - Environ. Entomol. 19(6): 1738-1745. Clausen, I. H. S. (1986): The use of spiders (Araneae) as ecological indicators. - Bull. Br. arachnolSoc. 7(3): 83-86. Corey, D. T. and Taylor, W. K. (1989): Foliage-dwelling spiders in three Central Florida plant communities. -J. Arachnol. 17: 97-107. Gunnarsson, B. (1988): Spruce-living spiders and forest decline, the importance of needle-loss. - Biological Conservation. 43: 309-319. Gunnarsson, B. (1990): Vegetation structure and the abundance and size distribution of spruce-living spiders. -J. Anim. Ecol. 59: 743-752. Haskins, M. F. and Shaddy, J. H. (1986): The ecological effects of burning, mowing, and plowing on ground-inhabiting spiders (Araneae) in an old-field ecosystem. -J. Arachnol. 14: 1-13. Klausnitzer, B. und Pfüller, R. (1980): Okofaunistische Untersuchungen auf einem Hausdach im Stadtzentrum von Leipzig. - Wiss. Z. Univ. Leipzig Math. - Nat. R. 29: 629-638. Klausnitzer, B. und Richter, K., Lehnert, J. (1980): Zur Insektenfauna der Parkanlage am Schwannenteich im Zentrum von Leipzig. - Hercynia N. F. 16: 213-224. Klausnitzer, B. ( 1987): Ökologie der Großstadtfauna. - Veb Gustav Fischer Verlag, Jena, pp. 225. Klausnitzer, B. (1988): Verstädterung von Tieren. -A. Ziemsen Verlag. Wittenberg Lutherstadt, pp. 57-64. Koslowski, R. et al. (1980): Ökologisch-faunistische Untersuchungen an Araneae in Grünanlagen Leipzigs. - Wiss. Z. Univ. Leipzig Math. - Nat. R. 29: 561-566. Kovács, M. (1985): A nagyvárosok környezete. - Gondolat, Budapest, pp. 108. Kovács, M., Podani, J., Tuba, Z. és Turcsányi, G. (1986): A környezetszennyezést jelző és mérő élőlények. - Mezőgazdasági Kiadó, Budapest, pp. 191. Krzyzanowska, E. et al. (1981): Spiders (Arachnoidea, Aranei) of Warsaw and Mazovia. Memorab. Zool. 34: 87-110. Mason, R. R. (1992): Populations of arboreal spiders (Araneae) on douglas-firs and true firs in the interior Pacific northwest. - Environ. Entomol. 21(1): 75-80. Nyffeler, M. (1982): Field studies on the ecological role of the spiders as insect predators in