S. Mahunka szerk.: Folia Entomologica Hungarica 48. (Budapest, 1987)

FOLIA ENTOMOLOGICA HUNGARICA ROVARTANI KÖZLEMÉNYEK Abstract: Data on enzyme polymorphism in Hungarian Drosophila populations*, The enzyme polymorphism of four loci (Adh, Odh, Mdhjyj and Mdhg) was examined in three Drosophila species: D. melanogaster

, D. hydei, and D. immigrans

. The enzymes were separated by Polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis. Thus, the frequencies of genotypes and alleles were determined. The indices of polymorphism and genetic diversity were calculated. One of the fundamental objects of research in experimental population genetics is the measurement of gene pool variability. Because of the ubiquitous distribution of Drosophila species and the numerous enzyme polymorphisms already described, temporal studies of these species are particularly favourable. Although extensive data have been accumulated on the level of enzyme polymorphism of D. melanogaster - O'BRIEN and MACINTYRE (1969), BERGER (1971), BAND (1975), PRAKASH and GILL (1980), TRIANTAPHYLLIDIS et al. (1980), OAKESHOTT et al. (1982) and EL-HADIDY (1984) - little is known about these data in other drosophilids such as D. hydei and D. lmmtgrans

. There have been no extensive studies on biochemical polymorphisms of Hungarian Drosophila populations. The purpose of this paper is to report on a survey of 4 enzyme loci from 13 populations of two species (D. melanogaster and D. hydei

) and from some populations of D. immigrans

, furthermore, to compare the genetic variability as well as the genetic diversity of these populations. Collection

: Drosophilids were collected from distilleries in three large regions of Hungary: Central Tisza Region (1), Bereg (NE) Plain (2), Hernád and Sajó Valley (3), respectively. Enzyme polymorphism was determined from samples with high individual counts of both Drosophila melano gaster and Drosophila hydei

: in five populations from the first region (Kunhegyes, Tiszacsege, Tiszafüred, Tiszaszentimre and Tiszaszőlös), in three populations from the second region (Jánd, Lónya, and Tarpa) as well as in five populations from the third region (Abauj szántó. Sa) ős zentpéter, Serényfalva, Szikszó and Tállya). Drosophila Immigrans seemed to be a rare species in distilleries. Figure 1 presents the localities of all distilleries where drosophilids were collected. Electrophoretic procedure

: Electrophoresis was conducted on vertical Polyacrylamide slabs using discontinuous buffer system following the methods of ORNSTEIN and DAVES (1964) and GRELL et al. (1965). Allozyme patterns of D. melanogaster were identified according to SCHWARTZ and SOFER (1976), COURTRIGHT et at. (1966) and O'BRIEN (1973)j in the cases of D. hydei and D. im migrans the work of BATTERHAM et al. (1983) were adopted. Figures 2, 3 and 4 show the allozyme patterns of the three species. Almost all the populations have been found polymorphic, however, the frequency of S allele was rather low. Figure 5 shows the observed genotype frequencies and Table 1 contains the allele freXLVIII 1987 p. 207-216 Adh in Drosophila melanogaster