S. Mahunka szerk.: Folia Entomologica Hungarica 27/1. (Budapest, 1974)
cattle stables x . Fly collections and manure sampling were made in stables for colts. Only fodder containers are cleaned regularly here and the stables twice per year; the floor is trampled manure mixed with litter in which Musca domestica L. and Stomoxys calcitrans L. are developing in great quantities. Although the flies emerging there dominant in individual number and in weight - are obligate coprophagous sphaerocerids characteristic to stables and manure heaps, still great quantities of potentially diseasevector fly species were also observed to develop. The chemical control applied against the imagines of the latter species merely reduces the number of the flies. An appropriate defense against larvae is still lacking. To kill larvae, the entire floor surface should be poisoned with a chemical applied in liquid form to soak at least the upper layers of the manure, but there is no currently licenced chemical which can be offered without damaging effects to the health of the colts . A survey of the results published in a table shows that comparatively few species (26 sp.) were found. Besides the flies characteristic to stables, fly species developing in corrals were also caught (e.g. Copromyza (Borborillus) sordida ZETT ., Coproica hirticula COLL. ), and it can be proved that the fly community of the colt stable is transitional between that of the stables with stalls and that of the dung heaps. There are - and this is well supported by the results obtained - three well separable but a mosaic distribution of biotops in the colt corrals: 1. large, untrampled horse droppings; 2. trampled, drying horse dung; 3. horse dung mixed with the moist soil of the corral and partly even with urine (I name this biotop - for lack of a better designation - "corral-biotop", characteristic only for corrals and for natural watering-places). After rainfalls, this latter prevails over the former. In the corrals, the dominant fly species is Coproica acutangula Zett. for untrampled horse droppings, Coproica ferruginata Stenh. for the trampled and drying horse dung, and Coproica vagans Halid. for moist dung mixed with soil and mud (see Table). The corral flies, occupy, as a whole, an intermediate position between those of the stables and of the_ discrete horse droppings. Thus also synanthropic, potentially disease-vector species ( Paregle cinerella FALL., Stomoxys calcitrans L. , probably also Musca domestica L.) develop there in consideable numbers. A chemical control would be hardly applicable (see above), but if the horse farms, like the one at Apajpuszta, would be maintained far from each other and from inhabited areas, control could be dispensed with, owing to the small flight distance of the flies. Summarily, 63 species were taken, of which only 12 species do not belong to the fly community of the dung (the 12 species are, almost without exception, characteristic to mud with a high organic matter content). It is well understandable, that only 5-13 species emerged per dung sample (summarily 23 species), because small samples of merely 20-30 g dry matter content would hardly contain the larvae of all species developing in corrals. On the other hand, only 15-32 species were caught also in each individual collection too, and that is less than half of the total number of the species. It must be stressed that this is a case of biotops and fly species where the slight differences occur only in the dominance of the species, from spring to autumn. The explanation of this phenomenon is that the samples were smaller than necessary, that is, even 5000 A 4>er, in MS form, containing the scientific results of studies in cattle stables will be publis 1 ed later.
