Folia archeologica 54.
András Markó: Egy kis puzzle: további vizsgálatok a szobi felső-paleolitikus leletegyüttesen
AN ASPECT TO THE RE-EVALUATION OF SÁC.VÁR (LYUKAS-DOMB) UPPER PALAEOLITHIC SITE 29 of the main dirt road crossing trough the site. This time no artifact was recovered. 23 From the top of the road cut down to the road level the section was 3.40 m tall. According to Gábori-Gábori two dark organic material rich layers showed up in the loess from 1.0 to 1.60 m, and from 2.80 to 3.20 m, what they associated with the two archaeological layers and identified as soil formations. These played an important role in the new dating of the site, because Gábori-Gábori correlated the human occupations with the Würm 2/3 interstadial after the geochronological system of Milankovitch and Bacsák. 2 4 The last excavation at Ságvár took place between 1957 and 1959. 2 5 M. Gábori opened two trenches. Trench I was located along the main dirt road's southern wall, 45 square meters area between two earlier trenches, where the sampling in the 1950s took place. French II was situated south to trench I, in the wall of a smaller, called side dirt road, east of the area of the 1932-1936 and 1941 excavations. In trench I the upper archaeological level appeared 1.2 m below the topsoil surface and its thickness was 8-10 cm. Its general color was gray with blackish-brown hue, and it consisted of small red granules, bone morsels, and ash. The layer included hearths and a dark colored "garbage heap" that abundantly contained bones, antlers, and knapped lithics. Hearths were marked by red colored patches in the loess. During the excavation of the "garbage heap" a flat bottom pit and two holes situating oppositely near the pit's border came to light. The pit had a very clear border in the loess. The archaeological material in the pit lay in two distinct levels separated by a few centimeters thick sterile sediment. Near the larger hole on the west side three dentalium beads lay. Charcoals surrounded the pit over a 0.50 m wide lane and additionally constituted a larger patch in the center of the pit. These charcoals had good state of preservation while those in the hearths all over the excavated area were scanty and poorly preserved. Fhese charcoals were sampled for radiocarbon dating and resulted in 17,760 ± 150 BP (GrN-1959). 2 6 Most knapped lithics of trench I were located within the pit. Outside the pit, lithic artifacts were unevenly distributed, appearing in closed clusters on certain areas of the upper archae-ological level. Contrary to this, animal bones lay everywhere. The lower archaeological level in trench I lay 1.50 m beneath the upper level, separated by archaeologically sterile loess, expanding over a maximum 2-3 square meters area. It contained 7 hearths, the sizes of which remained unreported. The number of artifacts in the lower level was much smaller than in the upper level. The lower layer also yielded charcoal samples from one of the hearth features and resulted in 18,900 ± 100 (GrN-1783). 2 7 Trench II revealed the same features, including a dark "heap of garbage" which here contained a hearth in the center and two holes inside. Similarly to trench I, the majority of the archaeological material of trench II was also collected from the heap and from its pit situating underneath. A significant difference between the two trenches was the lack of the lower archaeological layer in trench II. The garbage heaps and their holes were interpreted as dwelling remains with postholes. 2 8 Characters of lithic tools led Gábori to state that the two archaeological levels yielded the same type of industry. Later, statistical analysis of the lithic tool types also pointed out no dif ferences between the lithics of the two layers. 2i l In the 2 3 GÁBORI-GÁBORI 1957. 2 4 GÁBORI-GÁBORI 1957. 2 5 Inventory number of the Archives of the Hungarian National Museum: 203. s.III.; GÁBORI 1959. 2 R' GÁBORINÉ 1960; VOCEL-WATERBOLK 1964. 2 7 GÁBORÍ 1959, 155; VOGEL—WATERBOLK 1964 2 8 GÁBORI 1959, 1964a, 1965. 2 9 CSONGRÁDINÉ 1997.
