Folia archeologica 54.
András Markó: Egy kis puzzle: további vizsgálatok a szobi felső-paleolitikus leletegyüttesen
FOLIA ARCHAEOI.OG IGA L.IV. 2008-2010. BUDAPEST AN ASPECT TO THE RE-EVALUATION OF SÁCVÁR (LYUKAS-DOMB) UPPER PALAEOLITHIC SITE György LENGYEL 1. INTRODUCTION Ságvár is a village in the Southern Transdanubia of Hungary, located about 10 km south of I .ake Balaton. The Upper Palaeolithic site itself is situated outside of the village's core, where vineyards are planted, in the hilly loess area of this region, on a moderate slope facing south at 228 m asl above creek J aba (Fig. I.). Its name, Lyukas-domb (hill with hole), derives from a particular feature, a tunnel burrowed through the hill. The geological formation that contains the Upper Palaeolithic site is loess situating above a red soil layer. The settlement occupational traces are embedded in the top of the loess stratum several meters above the red soil. 1 The archaeological material available today was collected from several excavations between the 1920s and 1950s. 2 The site, as widely known, preserved two Upper Palaeolithic occupations of the same culture in superposition separated by sterile loess of 1.50 m. Archaeological features were flint workshops, rein deer butchering areas, hearths, and dwelling structure basements with postholes. Due to the unique character of the lithic artifacts, Ságvár Lyukas-domb archaeological site is the eponym for the Late Upper Palaeolithic archaeological culture called Ságvárian, dated to between 20 and 17 к years BP. 3 Besides its archaeological importance, the site takes an integral part in the terminology of the Late Pleistocene period in Hungary, in the name of the Lascaux-Ságvár interstadial 4 or else Ságvár-Lascaux microinterstadial. 5 Recently the knapped lithics of Ságvár are parts of an extensive lithic technology study on the Gravettian in Hungary. 6 This study involves lithic refitting, which usually demonstrates the sequence of acts performed by prehistoric knappers in the processes of stone tool making. 7 Besides this benefit of the method, refitting of knapped lithics frequently gives valuable information on site taphonomy. 8 Similarly to what happened to several lithic assemblages retrieved from stratified Palaeolithic sites and gone through systematic refitting, 9 the lithic refitting on the material of Ságvár Lyukas-domb also has brought together numerous flakes, blades and cores from the two archaeological layers into single knapping operational sequences. This result indicates that certain points of the site's interpretation are inappropriate. 1 LACZKÓ— G AÁL—HOLLENDONNER— HILLEBRAND 1930. 2 LACZKÖ-GAÁL-HOLLENDONNER-HILLEBRAND 1930; CSALOGOVITS-GAÁL-HOLLENDONNER-HILLEBRAND 1931; Gallus 1936; GÁBORI-GÁBORI 1957; Gábori 1959, 3 KOZLOWSKI 1978, 1979; TOLNAI Dobosi 2001 1 GÁBORI-CSÁNK 1978. 5 SÜMEGI-KROLOPP-HF.RTELENDI 1998 6 The lithic assemblage of the Upper Palaeolithic site at Ságvár Lyukas-domb takes part of the author's OTKA post-doctoral research grant entitled Lithic Technology of the Gravettian in Hungary. This paper is supported by OTKA fund no. 75579. ' PELEGRIN—KARLIN—BODU 1988 " VILLA 1982 9 BORDES 2002
