Folia archeologica 51.

István Vörös: A magyarországi fosszilis Elephantidák biokronológiája

14 ISTVÁN VÖRÖS the Csarnótanum, probably by the end of the Ruscinium (KRETZOI et al. 1982; VÖRÖS 1985, Table 2) They are already missing from the Lower Pleistocene. Archidiskodon meridionalis meridionalis (NESTI 1825) Localities: From gravel - Balatonkenese, Szabadhídvég (formerly Városhídvég); Mezőkomárom; Kisláng; Dunaalmás-Betlehem (

SCHWEITZER 1988); SzomódCsúcsoshegy; Budapest-Kőbánya (

KRETZOI 1954); Budapest-Cinkota, Valla's sand quarry; Aszód; Iváncsa; Ercsi-Batta farm; Bükkösd. Bed of the Danube (from gravel): Komárom; Szőny; Alsógöd; BudapestKáposztásmegyer; Budapest-Újpest, Northern Railroad Bridge; Budapest-Gellért quay; Budapest-Nagytétény; Ercsi; Dunaföldvár. In calcareous tuff: Dunaalmás-Kőpite ("in situ"); Szomód-Leshegy ("in situ" SCHLESINGER 1922, 211); between Dunaalmás and Szomód; Süttő environs. Other occurrences: Visonta K-I 1981 at the depth of 13.5-14 meters, in sandyclay layers with tuff debris (Fig. 3.1, KRETZOI et al. 1982); Visonta K-II 1983 in greyish yellow tuffy/limy clayey sand (

FODOR et VÖRÖS 1990); Beremend-15. Geological age: the species Arch, meridionalis meridionalis is one of the key fossil of a substage of the Lower Pleistocene Upper Villafranchian (Kisláng fauna phase, KRETZOI 1954, 1956; KRETZOI et al. 1982). Archidiscodon finds occurring in the Lower Villafranchian can be the earliest representatives of Arch. m. m. (Table 2). Archidiskodon meridionalis ürömensis (VÖRÖS 1979) Localities: Üröm-hill (calcareous tuff, type locality for the subspecies, Fig. 3. 2.); Castle Hill of Buda, Úri str. 72 (in sandy clay layer, KADIC 1939. layer 2.,' Fig. 3., Mo rn. 1943. 276 and from terrace gravel [sic!] MOTTL 1942, 9-10, Abb. 2., layer 2. Dental finds: Morn. 1942. Abb. 6-7); Szomód-Csúcsoshegy (from gravel, Fig. 4. 1.); Visonta 1965 (

ROZSNYÓI 1966) "from sandy, gravelly stone grit prolovium, local debris" (KRETZOI et al. 1982; FODOR et VÖRÖS 1990); Miskolc-Sajóterasz, from gravel; Villány-3 ("Mammuthus wüsti" KRETZOI 1956.). Geological age: the final evolutionary stage (form) reached by the species Arch, meridionalis. Arch. m. ürömensis can be assigned to the Templomhegy fauna phase of the Lower Biharian substage of the Lower Pleistocene (VÖRÖS 1979). The terminus post quam for the species is the end of the Upper Villányian, its occurrence can be supposed for sites belonging to the Upper Biharian substage (Table 2). From the end of the Lower Pleistocene, in the Mosbach-Steinheim period in classical sense there were significant changes occurring in the large mammal fauna of the Carpathian Basin. According to our present knowledge, the Elephantidae of this period are dominated by Mammuthus (P.) trogontherii, while Palaeoloxodon antiquus, having an atlantic area is rare and an ancient form of the real mammoth, Mammuthus primigenius is just appearing. PARELEPHAS OSBORN 1924 Mammuthus (Parelephas) trogontherii (POHI.IG 1885) Localities: from gravel - Esztergom, Danube bed; Sződliget, Danube bed; Dunakeszi, lower sand quarry, from a depth of 10 m; Castle Hill at Buda, Uri str. 72 (from "ferrous gravel" KADIC 1939, Fig. 3., layer 4.; MOTTL 1943, 1942, Abb. 2. Layer 4., Abb. 3-4),; Ocsa-(Felsőbabád) gravel quarry from a depth of 4 m, Bugyi I. gravel quarry, from a depth of 4 m (Fig. 5.1-2.)-, Délegyháza, at the limit of sump 4 and 5; Kiskunlacháza, gravel quarry, Kunpeszér, gravel quarry, (from small grain