Folia archeologica 49-50.

István Vörös: Egy vemhes kanca csontváza a Pilismarót-Szobi révi római kiserődben

SKELETON OF MARE WIT H FOAL 193 The distribution of the 779 animal bones of the fossa according to species (pieces): cattle 266 hen 1 shee 25 goat 5 red deer 3 pig 46 roe deer 2 horse 197 wild swine 1 dog 23

2 brown hare _1_ 771 8 Among the horse remains 175 pieces belong to the mare and her foal (127 + 48) and only 22 pieces (bone and teeth) belong to other horse individuals. Similarly, as for dog remains 210 belong to three skeletons and only 22 pieces belong to other dog individuals. Among cattle there were medium individuals (withers height: 114 cm, MATOLCSI 1970), large-medium ones (withers height. 120,4-127,3 cm) and high ones (133,2—139,7 cm). The large-medium and high statured animals-oxen—were used as draught animals. An iron hook find, belonging to a throat yoke, also proves the local presence of this activity. (TÓTH 1982. Fig. 3. 1.). Sheep were medium statured individuals. Among dogs there were medium statured ones (withers height 51,3-56,6 cm, KOUDELKA 1886) and large (withers height 60,0 cm) watching-protecting animals. A large puppy was 43,3 cm high. On the basis of ages can be determined by the examination of bone remains-besides mature individuals-among the cattle there were individuals which did not live to their first, second and third years. Among the pigs there were animals which did not live to their cca. Second year. These animals were killed before March/April and this can be correlated well with the January/February mortality of the mare with foal. 4. Conclusions Section A/I. (1978) was marked out over the later identified Roman fossa (working site A., feature 3., trench 3.). In the southern part of pit 1, within section A/I, which appeared as a large oval spot, the skeleton without limbs of the mare with foal (Fig. 2.) was found at a 130 cms, depth (at 55 cm from the level left after scraping by a bulldozer). After the skeleton of the horse had been picked up and collected it becam clear that the pit had a further 127 cms depth. Only after the excavation of the whole pit and during the excavation of trench 3., situated below a part of an Árpád period house in section IV/7. became evident that "pit" 1. of section A/I. was the extension of "trench" 3. of section IV., that is part of the Southern fossa. When the documentation of the whole Southern fossa, excavated in 1979, together the W and E parts of the fossa was prepared the 1978 sections, trial trenches and the index points of the fossa were not recorded. Therefore I tried to identify the place of section A/I. on the original 1:50 scale excavation drawing (Kemenczei T. Pilismarót-Szobi rév, Excavation records 1979, MNM At. XXIV 222/1980) of the published fossa ground plan (TÓTH 1982. Fig. 1.). On the "sterile" ground plan of the fossa the E-W direction basic axis of working site A is present and it cuts the Southern wall of the fossa from the NR. 11 find assemblage of the E fossa at the W end of the S fossa at the W side of sections Nr. XX-XXI. Along this basic axis section A/I. is situated in the W part of the entrance. The entrance was in the middle of the S fossa, in the line of the N-S axis of the minor fortress. This is corroborated by the observation according to