Folia archeologica 47.
István Vörös: A Denevér úti kovabánya agancsleletei (Budapest-Farkasrét)
98 ISTVÁN VÖRÖS there are 10 roe deer antlers and 4 goat horn-cores. The number of postcranial bone remains, considered as the so-called kitchen midden material, is only 22. At Tata-Kálváriadomb three extraction pits were excavated. Except the 22 red deer antlers, 9 roe deer antler fragments and 4 goat horn-cores the macrommamal remains found here are kitchen midden material. The domesticated goats which large-sized aegagrus type horn-core appear in Hungary at the end of the Middle Neolithic. In Tata in the extraction pit No. III. a potsherd of the Pécel culture was found. 2 6 In the same pit at a 160 cm' s depth, the remain of a Pleistocene species, that is of Ochotona, was found. At the same time the infilling of the pit at a 80-100 cm' s depth below the Ochotona remain contained the bones of domesticated animals, indicating that the Ochotona had got into the infilling secondarily. 2 7 6.2.6. Cutting up antlers, the frequency of different antler parts. Antler mining tools used in prehistoric flint mines are very similar to each other everywhere because of the structure and shape of red deer antler. Those differences which appear in the frequency distribution off different antler parts in different flint mines are due to different geological conditions. The removal of the crown or of the main tines or the cutting up ("shortening") of stems depend on local conditions in the mine or on the utilization of antler parts. The occurrence of the so-called antler beam (parts A., B. Table 10) is of 100 per cent (202 pieces) at the flint mine Grimes Graves and at Durrington Walls (322 pieces) - both in England: is of 68,2 per cent (90 pieces) in Löwenburg (Switzerland), of 30,5 per cent (137 pieces) at Sümeg and of 2,8 per cent (7 pieces) at the Denevér street (both in Hungary). Of the Sümeg and Denevér street flint mines the cutting up of antlers, especially the removal of the crown and main tines and the cutting off of the lower part of the beam are characteristic. Carving and cord-cutting techniques for cutting up antlers the traces of which are present on antlers from the Denevér street were widespread methods in the Neolithic/Copper Age periods. 2 8 As for their morphology and dimensions the red deer antler finds of the Denevér street flint mine correlate with those of the Neolithic/Copper Age flint mine at Sümeg-Mogyorósdomb. Differences in dimensions are due to that that while in the Denevér street mine the proportion of juvenile - middle aged antlers is 84 - 33, at Sümeg this proportion is 40 - 79pieces. The dimensions of the antler parts belonging to middle aged antlers in the Denevér street are identical with those of Sümeg. 2 9 The antlers of both flint mines with their cup-shaped and digitated crowns represent the structure of the antler of the "eastern-type" red deer. This maraloid red deer appeared in the Carpathian Basin in the Late Neolithic. 3 0 The collection of an antler depot of "large quantity" is not necessarily characteristic of a "hunting society". To illustrate this the author presents here the antler finds of the Neolithic agrarian settlement, Aszód-Papi földek. (Table 11) The 671 antler parts were collected - hunted by a typical agrarian community practizing plant cultivation and stockbreeding. At this site the antler beam Apart occurs rather rarely (21 pieces) because there the most important tools of agriculture were the antler hoe (81 pieces) and the so-called antler-chisel ("digging stick") (65 pieces) which were mad exclusively of the middle part of the beam C. The beam В was removed in every case (63 pieces). 2 6 Fülöp 1973, 17., Taf. VIII. 5. 2 7 Kretzoi 1966. 2 8 Bácskay - Vörös 1980, 42.; Böckner 1980, Abb. 26-27. 2 9 Vörös í985. 3 0 Vörös 1983, 1987, 1987b.
