Folia archeologica 45.

Zsuzsanna K. Zoffmann: Embertani leletek a Tiszalúc-sarkadi neolitikus lelőhelyről

DOG AS BUILDING OFFERING 81 Breed (type) of the dog: on the basis of the craniological data, ratios and morphological features (Fig. 6/1,3), the dog can be described as a medium large Cams familiaris matris optimae /Jeitteles 1877/. Skull 2. (Fig. 6/2,4) Facial skull of an old animal, detached at the coronary suture. Palatum and the right side of the frontal bone are broken. The facial skull is long and narrow. The frontale is convex. The linea frontalis is well developed, closing at the Bregma. The thick praemaxilla is protruding. The profile line of the brow is straight and long. There is no nasal stop observable. The dentition is regular. The dimensions of the skull are summarised on Table 2. Sex of the dog: - on the basis of morphological features of the skull - male. Age of the dog: - cca. 3,5-4 years Breed (type) of the dog: on the basis of craniological features (Table 2.), ratios and morphological features, medium size large Canis familiaris matris optimae/Jeitteles 1877/. Seven mandibles (without pair, Figs. 7-8) show well the occurrence of dogs with variable form of head and dentition. Mandible 2 (Fig 7/2) has a slightly arched, strong and short corpus. Mandibles 3-8 (Fig. 7 / 3-5, Fig. 8 / 6-8) are large: the corpus is long and thick, high and orally narrowing. Their lower edge is arched in different extent. Dentition is typically regular: the premolars are set at a large distance (mandibles 4-5, 7-8) or densely, side by side (mandibles 3,6). Fhe angulus and ramus parts of the mandibles differ essentially: the proc. artic. can be low (mandibles 3., 5-6) or high (mandible 4). The proc. angularis is short at mandibles 3., 6, 8 and long at mandibles 4-5 and 7. The proc. muscularis is narrow and uprising (mandibles 4-7) or wide and turning backwards (mandibles 3 and 8). The dimension of the mandibles is summarised on Table 3. Mandible 2. belongs to a turbary spitz, the others belong to medium large prehistoric "sheep-dogs". The postcranial skeletal elements belong to two individuals: a 8-months old dog /humerus/ radius (Fig. 9/1-3), calibrated shoulder height 48-50 cm and an adult animal (vertebrae, ribs, tibia, Fig. 9./4), calculated 53,2 cm high. Both individuals belong to the forms of medium size prehistoric sheep-dogs. Cattle - tibia clist. sin. (Juv.), carpus fr. Sheep - calcaneus dext. Swine - cranial fr. (Juv.) Horse - 2 M inferior fr. 2.3. From the "debris over the house" - filling of house V/l and/or V/2 The Jász Museum of Jászberény bought 1 I "bone artefacts" from the material of Gallus s excavation: 10 pieces of deer antler and 1 deer radius fr. There are 4 terminal pieces among the antlers (one of them pierced through the basis), one is the fragment of the stem. 5 artefacts made of dropped antler, all of them broken comprising 3 "antler-hoes" and 2 "leather smoothers". The latero-medial borings are rectangular or rounded. 3. DOG SPECIES IN THE MATERIAL OF JÁSZDÓZSA-KÁPOLNAHALOM '43 The clog remains collected at Jászdózsa can be classified into two types, i.e., breed: the offering clog in the wall and one of the mandibles (Nr.2., Fig. 7/2) are relatively small (shoulder height 40 cm), the bones strong. These animals were classified as turbary spitz Canis familiaris palustris Rütimeyer 1861. All the other skulls (Fig. 6), mandibles (Figs. 7-8) and longbones (Fig. 9) belong to the typical