Folia archeologica 45.

Tóth Endre: Dr. Soproni Sándor szakirodalmi munkássága

PALAEOLITHIC TOOLS 4,'i Table 2. Crystal habit Characteristic fluid inclusions Wallrock Step-wise rhomboedric hydrocarbon sedimentary: medial phase of the diagenetical zone Platy- fibrous water and methane sedimentary: tipper phase of the diagenetical zone and the lower part of the anchimetamorphic zone Prismatic water sedimentary/metamorphic: upper part of the anchizone, lower and middle part of the epimetamorphic zone Steep rhombohedric (Tessin habit) water and carbon dioxide upper part of epimetamorphic zone, mesometamorphic zone 2. Magmatic /pegmatite/ quartz: Characteristic constituent of acid magmatic rocks formed in great depth, the so-called pegmatite phase which is a first step to post-magmatic rock and fluid development. On the upper part of granite intrusions x - 1000*x m

3 bodies, lenses or intrudes the accompanying metamorphic rocks as a vein. The pegmatite phase can be characterised by, apart from quartz, the presence of feldspars, mica, tourmaline and other, rare minerals. Quartz in this circumstances is generally large, occurring in crystals of xl()0*x kg, frequently non-, or semi-transparent, contaminated often with feldspar inclusions, sometimes with rosy shade ("rose quartz"). In the immediate surroundings of the Carpathian Basin, quartz rich pegmatites are known from Slovakia, the Small Carpathes: Slivnie, Ziar, Velká Gápl'a, Trangoska (Hercko I. 1984), in the Vepor Mts., at Michalová, Pohorelá (Kubiny D. 1971), on the Ukrainian shield (Lvov-Volyn), in the Pietrii Mts., Romania, (Teregova, Armenis stc: Radulescu, D., Dimitrescu, R. 1966), on the southern part of the Czech shield - Haté, Dolny Bory, Pozarov, Rousmerov stc. (Bernard J. et al. 1966). Ukrainian sources are rather distant and can be disregarded. On the territory of Hungary, such formations can be found in limited number in the Velence mountains and in the Mecsek foreland (Mórágy block, Koch 1966, Szakáll-Gatter 1995). The rock crystals in the above pegmatites are typically coloured, mainly with a smoky tint (smoky quartz, morion), often corroded, thus this genetical type can be possibly excluded as potential raw material source to the archaeological rock crystal pieces. 3. Quartz crystals of hydrothermal origin By the decrease of temperature in magmatic bodies the volatiles are also cooling, thus water temperature decreases below critical temperature. From the "distilled" hot solutions, apart from quartz, important metallic ores precipitate like Ni, Co, Bi, Cu, Au, Ag, Sb, As etc., in the form of oxides and sulphides forming veins, lenses and impregnations used as sources of mining since prehistoric times.