Folia archeologica 44.

Gedai István: Dr. Kralovánszky Alán régészeti tevékenysége az ásatási jelentések alapján

PALAEOLITHIC: TRACES 43 Sequence of layers in trench 5. (Fig. 3) 0-40 cm: dark brown, hard, compact clay, gradually becoming slightly reeddish downwards; within the other sections at this place a considerably hard black infusion soil level used to appear. In the upper dark clay layer sporadically hydroquartzite tools and flakes are present. 40-50 cm:the yellow clay starts without a sharp boundary. In the other sections this level starts at at least 10-20 cm lower from the surface. 50-80 cm:yellow clay, from 80 cm downwards: brown layer. Chipped stone tools which occur as scattered finds on the surface have a fresh fracture, while those which came to light from the culture layer bear a heavily calcareous, thick crust. The surface material contains a great quantity of regular, typical cores. In the June of 1993 we collected more flint tools and flakes from the Öregszőlő area during a field survey which encourages us to plan the continuation of the excavations in the hope of discovering the central part of the settlement. Raw material.

9 The finds from the Püspökhatvan area can be considered as part of a larger quantity workshop material based on local hydroquartzite. The wide, homogeneous hydroquartzite bank having outcrops over Püspökhatvan in that part of the mountains which faces the river Galga is most probably a Miocene rock.

1

0 The trial excavations, too, made it clear that at the two sites the main reason of human settlement was the abundance of lithic raw material; the sites did not function as hunters' camp sites." Among lithic raw materials used hydroquartzite is dominant. Textural characteristics of the Püspökhatvan hydroguartzite: it is rather uneven with "faults" and with plant remains and inclusions. It is inclined to be patinated easily. It appears in different shades of grey from off-white till the almost black, from sand coloured yellow till deep brown. As regards its colours it could be mistaken for hydroquartzites from the Avas or those from the Western part of the Zemplén Mts. An opaque variety, sometimes translucent at the edges, occurs, too: its shine varies from matt colour till a chinalike lustre, here and there with opaline spots. During the hydrothermal process there were opal-producing phases. Depending on the homogeneity of the raw material the fracture of the material is conchoidalsplintery, uneven. Besides the hydroquartzite also some other, non local raw materials occur, namely: Radiolarite Pb 92/496 (Diós) Pb 93/ 259, 260, 301, 341, 486 (Öregszőlő) Obsidian Pb 93/302, 303, 329 (Öregszőlő) '•' The material is in the exchange metarial of Lithotheca, the comparitive lithic raw metarial collection of the Hungarian National Museum. 1

0 V.T. Dobosi, 1991. 81. 1

1 VT. Dobosi, 1993., Csongrádiné Balogh É., 1994.