Folia archeologica 44.

Gedai István: Dr. Kralovánszky Alán régészeti tevékenysége az ásatási jelentések alapján

38 ÉVA CSONGRÁDI-BALOGH - VIOLA T. DOBOSI VIOLA region in question was called "Diós". Before the planned excavations we made a field survey at the site during which on the headland facing the wide valley of the river Galga, in the uncultivated, grown wild orchard we collected 011 the surface finds which suggested the presence of a workshop for processing chipped stone tools.

5 On the road, leading to the Dióstető, we found several chipped flakes and hydroquartzite blocks which most probably constitute part of the mountains. Between the 21st and 2.5th of May 1990 we made a short check excavation at Püspökhatvan—Diós.

6 On the margin of the terrace of the Dióstető over the Galga valley at 212-219 m above sea level we opened several trenches and sections. The first trial trenches of the check excavation of 1990 were made along the path leading to the margin of the terrace from the earth road leading uphill, between the southern margin of the orchard and the margin of the forest belt, over an area of 55 m

2. Several worked flakes and tools were found on the surface and also several flakes came to light from the trenches. The first in situ finds were found usually berween -80 and -100 cm, in connection with the upper level of the dry calcareous loess with loess dolls; they are flint flakes, intact andesite and quartzite pebbles, together with scattered charcoal and ochre Brains. From the culture layer in section "Л" (trenches 1 and 6, 1-5 D, trench 2. 1-2 •) (-100-110 cm) several flakes and raw material blocks came to light. The "pebbled" surface in section "A" is maybe a marginal settlement feature. The tools and flakes were in the 2-3 opening levels of the trench no 5. There is a calcareous crust on the pebbles. The northern end of the trench No 5. is on the margin of the terrace sloping strongly towards the ravine. Because of the scattered features discovered in 1990 we found advisable to open an extension of section "A" to the N, and also to open new sections at 212219 m above sea level on a small rectangular plateau of 80 X

100 m covered with dense vegetation, being nearer to the margin of the terrace (Drawing 1.). In the May of 1991 ' (Fig. 1.) in section 'B" (between trenches 1. and 5.) from a culture layer between -80 and -90 cm, reddish and yellow ochre grains, sporadically occuring but well preserved charcoal grains, calcareous concretions, andesite pebbles with natural, sharp edges were found together with some hydroquartzite. There is a band without finds at the W and N margin of the section "B" which at the S and E margins of the section joints to the culture layer of section "A". In the E part of the section sporadically there are worked hydroquartzite lumps, charcoal grains in spots and a mall yellow ochre grain, together with several spots with ashes. On the basis of a two years' experience we may say that this settlement feature can be characterized by a concentration of finds of 6x4 m. From this section, too, we could gather charcoal for C-14 analysis. As a result of agricultural activity humus and loess had been mixed up. In section "B" the culture layer was at -90 cm depth, while in trench 7. it was between -120 and -130 cm. Most probably the level with the culture layer in section "B" during the flourishing of the settlement was at the highest point of the terrain. During the Upper Pleistocene the relief was steeper than today, because in section "C", being only at a 20 m's distance from the highest point of the settlement, settlement features were revealed at a depth of 120-130 cm. On the present, very steep hill slopes we observed the result of soil erosion due to heavy rainfall: 1. Thick banks of lithic raw material (hydroquartzite) exposed on the hill slope. 2. Synchronously with the levelling of the present day terrain the finds had got to the surface by a washing down of the hillside parts of the original settlement level. 5 RF I. 43. 1991. 14 ű RF I. 44. 1992. 20 7 RF I. 45. 1993. 22