Folia archeologica 43.
34 VIOLA T. DOBOSI - ISTVÁN VÖRÖS cent, carnivores 4,1 per cent, Cervids 2,2 per cent (Table 1). During the 1957 excavation a few remains of an incomplete "fauna" had been collected from layer 3. The qualitative specific composition of this incomplete "fauna" makes possible the biostratigraphic determination of layer 3. (Table I) The anatomical distribution of fossil mammal remains in the Kiskevêly cave demonstrates well that in different phases large carnivores, cave bear and Paleolithic man occupied the cave alternating with each other. From the altogether 26 mammal species known from the Kiskevêly cave so far 14 ones can be regarded as game animals (Table 2). Among them cave bear is represented by far the largest quantity of its remains (73 per cent), it is absolutely dominant. (Table 1). Yet if we consider only the quantity of postcranial remains without heads and teeth the frequency of Ursus spelaeus decres radically, it has only a 3,75 per cent occurrence. (Table 2). Besides big-statured Ursus spelaeus small-statured individuals, too, appear in a few number. Most important game animals were: Equus sp., Rangifer, Ursus spealeus, Coelodonta and Bison. Carnivores (except hyena) were hunted for their hides and furs. The per layer presence of the chronologically accountable 11 macromammals following the data given by the excavators and by the description cards of the items - is on Fig. 8. Crocotta was found in layer 5. and 4., the bones with traces of nibbling of Hystrix were found also here. Canis was preesent in layers 5.-4-4/3.-3., Asinus was present in layer 4., Ursus spelaeus, Coelodonta, Bison, Cervus, màAlces in layers 4.-4/3.-3, Equus sp. in layers 4.-4/3.-3.-2. and Rangifer in layers 2.-2. Crocotta in dominant in layer 5., Ursus spelaeus in layer 3., Equus sp. and Rangifer in layer. 2. Equus sp. I. had a mesodont set of teeth (Table 3). Small-statured horses of heavy skeleton belonged to this group (Table 4), their withers height was between 138 and 145 cm. Equus sp. I. belonged to the form group E. germanicus^ having a larger and thicker skeleton than Solutrean horse had. Equus sp. II. had a macrodont set of theeth (Table 3). They were high-statured animals with robust skeleton (Table 4). The diaphyses of the metapodia are thick, their withers-height is between 147 and 156 cm. The dimensions of the teeth of Equus sp. II. correspond to those of a form of E. mosbachensis, having a minor variability as regards dimensions. The longitudinal dimensions of metapodia also correspond to those of the smaller form of E. mosbachensis and those of E. achenheimensis. 5 X On the basis of its skeleton bones Equus sp. II. is a so-called sylvan type form, its dimensions are similar principally to those of E. achenheimensis and to those of E. piveteaui. b l As for the four birds, capercailzie indicates a mountainous environment with coniferous forests. Ptarmigan lives in a rocky mountainous environment, blackgrouse in peat-bogs with groves, while missel trush lives in humid beech woods. The excavated sequence of the Kiskevêly cave is discontinuous chronologically, too. The Pleistocene species assemblages of the Kiskevêly cave belong to the Utrechtian fauna wave of the Upper Pleistocene: 5 0 Vörös 1982., Vörös 1988a; Vörös 1989. 5 1 Nobis 1971, Tab. XLII-XLIII., XLVIII-L., Prat 1968 IV. 5 2 Nobis 1971, LXIV., LXVII-LXIX.; Prat 1968. IV.
