Folia archeologica 39.

Tibor Kovács: Arcosedény Tószegről tőrábrázolással

84 TIBOR KOVÁCS a late settlement level of the Bronze Age village fell into spits f and e. The renewal of one of the buildings (?) belonging to this level is indicated by the plastered clay layers that were cut through during the excavation of spits e and d. Consequently, the finds from the different settlement levels had undoubtedly become mixed up among the finds kept separate according to spits. That this was so is even more likely considering that two modern pits cut through spits a — e and a—f in the excavated area. It follows from the above that the finds from 'levels' a—f of the 1948 campaign at Tószeg — grouped according to spade spits

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0 —, can in no way reflect the accurate relative chronological sequence of the material heritage of the population group that had settled here. Only the entire assemblage of finds can be used as a data base in spite of the fact that it can be justly assumed that they are not all entirely contemporaneous. In other words, they represent a — longer or briefer — late phase in the life of the settlement.

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1 We can thus set aside any doubts that the two sherds of identical execution with a dagger and human face representation had not belonged to the same vessel in spite of the contradictory data on their find spot.

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2 The number of vessels with weapon representations can now be expandend by another one.

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3 In view of the above, however, this new specimen offers but limited information for a more precise definition of the chronological and cultural context of such vessels. One of the reasons for this is that in spite of the subsequent publication of the excavation results and finds of the Tószeg settlement — investigated for well over a century —, these could not, for objective reasons, become an authentic data base.

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4 At the same time, only a preliminary report and a select handful of finds has been published of the excavation conducted one and a half decades ago.

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5 On the basis of the two comprehensive reports that appeared in the 1950s

10 the later settlement levels*of Tószeg were generally linked to the Füzesabony 1

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Zsolics 1952, 38-42, Taf. 1-6. 1

1 It should be noted that archaeological results of the excavation in question were published in two separate studies, but with slightly differing conclusions on several points (Csalog 1952; Mo^solics 1952). One such difference is the definition of the main phases in the life of the settlement. On the basis of the statistical evaluation of the finds — carried out with a questionable methodological approach and leading to highly controversial conclusions — , József Csalog (1952, 24) considered the finds from spits a—

h to represent the late phase of the settlement, whilst Amália Mozsolics (1952, 54 — 55) assigned the finds from spits a—f to the later phase of the settlement in her study of the chronological and cultural context of the finds. 1

2 Another example can also be quoted: two joining fragments of another vessel (cf, Fig. 4. 13) were recovered from spits с and e respectively. 1

3 Since the photographs of the finds from the 1952 campaign are not of the best quality, the most diagnostic finds from spits a—f are republished here together with drawings of the original sherds. For their description, see Mozsolics 1952, 38 — 42. 1

4 Banner — Bóna — Márton 1957. — For the finds from Tószeg housed in non-Hungarian museums, see Schalk 1981. 1

5 S táncaik 1979-80; Bóna 1979-80. 1

6 Mozsolics 1952, 54-55; Banner-Bóna —Márton 1957, 127-133. It had already been percevied by the latter authors that the finds from the uppermost level should be assigned to a separate chronological phase in view of their dissimilarity from the finds of earlier levels.