Folia archeologica 39.

Viola T. Dobosi - Béla Jungbert - Árpád Ringer - István Vörös: Öskőkori telep Nadapon

PALAEOLITHIC SETTLEMENT IN NADAP 27 side-borer (?) tip is made with two deep notches, are also grouped here. The retouching is steep, often with only one row of edge retouch. Length range of the whole pieces: 25 to 42 mm, width range: 6 to 11 mm. Вitrins: 17 pp, middle (3), lateral (7), flat (1), cornered (1), twinned (1), double (2), triple (1), combined with a borer (1). The working edge may be on the proximal end as well as on the distal. They were produced with a burin chip. They were made, as compared to the general features of the industry, on bulky, prismatic blades with high crests. One of the double burins has alternate direction edges, somewhat gimlet-shaped. The borer combined with the burin, similarly to other pieces found in Hungary, was formed with notches. It has a short, somewhat oblique cutting edge. Measurement range: length 26 — 82 mm, width: 10 — 36 mm. Tind-scrapers: 5 pp. In spite of the low numbers two groups can be made according to the features on the tools. Two pieces are traditionally short and wide bladescrapers, three are archaic with Aurignacian features., They are wide, high and steeply retouched. Mesurement ranges: length 28 — 66 mm, width 22 — 32 mm. Truncated blades: 5 pp, straight (obliquely and transversally) and vaulted pieces. We may mention that if one both ends of the blade are simply struck off a similar working edge is created to the ones made by traditional truncation. As the cut off edges of the blades may be the results of a technical mistake during removal from the core, or an accidental breakage during utilization, just as a conscious edge formation, this group contains only retouched pieces. Measurement ranges: length 24 — 85 mm, width 7 — 22 mm. Cores: 8 pp, flat, conical, with burin edged platform (3), semi-cylindrical (2), core fragments, the fragment of a shouldered core platform, raw material fragment with flake negatives (3). To calculate the percentage ratio of the types and type groups, to constitute a cumulative graph from less than 100 pieces would be unrealistic. Blades: 167 pp, a whole variety of upper palaeolithic blade types. Generally characteristic is a flat (triangular or trapezoid) cross-section with regular, parallel sides. Usually they are long, slender pieces. There are many fragments, one of the ends is transversally or obliquely cut. Very often they are vaulted or bent, the dorsal side is somewhat ribbed, the ventral side may retain the cortex. The fine blades define the unified character of the whole industry. The measurement range of the 150 total blades: lenght 18 — 80 mm. Flakes: 489 pp, usually minor waste. The quantity of the flakes attest local tool manufacture, although the low number if the cores seems to be incontradictious. The raw material pieces suitable for further exploitation were removed. Technical observations: The striking platform is of upper palaeolithic type, often pointed, sometimes missing. There are déjeté type platforms, but these do not influence the orientation of the slender blade implements. The base of the blades is straight, sometimes convex or narrowing. There is no retouched shoulder. The execution is uniform, fine and regular. Backing is steep. The double feature of the execution of the end-scrapers is to be emphasized together with the bulky burins with wide working edges which, at the same time, have a decisive role in defining the chronological position of the industry (Fig. 11). There are many traces of fresh damage (earth work).