Folia archeologica 38.

Viola T. Dobosi - István Vörös: A Pilisszántó I. sz. kőfülke revíziója

A MESOLITIIIC AUROCHS SKELETON 83 bulls. The withers height of the Ullerslev

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9 (Denmark) skeleton is 1466,9 mm; that of the Slagarp

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0 (Sweden) skeleton is 1460,8 mm. Comparing the somatic (body) proportions of aurochs cows and bulls we see that as proportions in Denmark the humeri of cows are shorter, but their metapodia are longer than those of the bulls. 5. Conclusions The extremely large number of subfossile aurochs remains from the Carpathian Basin allowed and even necessitated the separation of finds according to their age. In view of the conspicuous dimensional end allometric differences we have to study the Early Holocene-Mesolithic, the Late Neolithic (31 sites with 4145 remains

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1); the Middle Holocene (Cooper Age—Bronze Age—Iron Age: 70 sites with 1717 reamains) and the Historical Times (Roman Age 12 sites with 166 remains; Early Middle Age 1 site with 25 remains

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2) aurochs populations separately

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3. Early Holocene aurochs population — 5 sites with 322 remains In the earliest vertebrate fauna phase of the Holocene, in the Palánk phase, it is Bos primigenius which is dominant among large herbivores, althoughCervus, Equus ferus, Hemionus sp. ("Asinus hydruntinus"), Capreolus and Sus also occur. The earliest occurrence of the aurochs of Ponto-Mediterranean subprovinces in the Holocene and in the Carpathian Basin

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4 was reported from in the Epipaleolithic-Mesolithic open-air campsite at Szekszárd-Palánk. This campsite was dated to the 9th millennium ВС, to the Preboreal-Boreal period. This period witnessed the first migration of aurochs into the Carpathian Basin. It is clear from the bone material of the Early Holocene aurochs topopopulations of Hungary (Szabadszállás, Kecel, Mezőlak, Nádasdladány) that different aurochs types i. e. a Middle European type with forward, more closed horns

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5, a forest (mountain) type with shorter horns

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0 and a "SE European type with opener and upwards horns"

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7 = "lowland type with longer horns."

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8 were contemporaneous with each other. The occurrence ratio of long (790—710 mm) to medium (685 mm) and to short (582— 567 mm) horn cores is 9 : 1 : 2. That of the open and closed horn-cores is 8 : 5. In the Late Neolithic of Hungary the occurrence ratio of long (760—732 mm), to medium (678— 620 mm) and to short (520 mm) horn-cores is 4 : 8 : l

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9. The Orjeg peat-bog area yielded 48 intact long bones the length dimensions 2

9 Degerbol 1970, Tabic 11., 12., 14., 15., 17. 3

0 Ekman 1972, Table 1. 3

1 Vörös 1987. 3

2 Vörös 1985. 3

3 Krolopp- Vörös 1982, 50-51. 3

4 Bökönyi 1962b, 197. 3

5 Bökönyi 1972, 23. 3

6 S^alay 1917. 3

7 Bökönyi 1972, 23. 3

8 Szßlay 1917. 3

9 Bökönyi 1962a. And new data.