Folia archeologica 34.

8 VIOLA 'Г. DOBOSI The next great possibility of elucidating the character of the industry and attaching it to the great processes of European Palaeolithics arrived when Vera Gábori-Csánk published the material of the Érd site. In her monograph as well as in several independent studies she evaluated the Érd industry both typologically and metrically, fitting it to the statistic graph of Bordes, while drawing the parallels with Tata.

3 In a monograph and several studies Miklós Gábori analysed the connections of the pebble-working Moustérian industries in detail.

4 Dénes Jánossy undertook an evaluation from a point of view different from the archaeologists', reconstructing the fauna of the Early Würm climatic period.

5 II. Chronology It is very informative to enumerate the consideration dating the industry called in the first publication "a Moustérian of fine workmanship",

0 "moustérienne probablement supérieur"' between extreme limits: — the necessity of a relative chronology within the period (sensu lato moustéri) the (unevitable) subjectivity in evaluating the finds — the data in absolute chronology of samples taken from incertain places. In the monograph of Vértes the biostratigraphic situation of the site is unambiguous: an interstadial of the Early Würm (Brorup). Vértes explained, in harmony with Miklós Kretzoi, the contradiction between the cold macrofauna and warm microfauna with the favourable microclimatic effect of the thermal springs. The calcareous tufa was deposited on the second Tata terrace about the end of the R/W, and the originating of the calcareous tufa layers covering the cultural layer cannot be dated later than to the following intermediate period.

8 The botanic finds show seemingly no contradictions.

9 When paralleling the classical glacial periodization with the faunal waves, Miklós Kretzoi placed the eponymous site to the very end of the Tata faunal wave (in the same time the Brorup interstadial).

1

0 Because of the presence of brown bear (instead of cave bear) and the black grouse found during the revision of the fauna, D. Jánossy dated the Tata site to earlier regions. As for Érd he stated that its fauna is "for the first glimpse so close to that of Subalyuk that their contemporaneousness in a geological sense cannot be doubted."

1

1 3 Gábori—Csánk, V., La station du paléolithique moyen d'Érd, Hongrie. (Budapest 1968) 249—252. (In the followings: Érd.); Rad., Acta Arch. Hung. 22(1970) 3—11.; Gábori, M.,— Csánk, V., Földr.Közl. 102(1978) 177.; Gábori—Csánk, V., Az ősember Magyarországon. (Budapest 1980) 124. 4 Gábori, M., Acta Arch. Hung. 21(1969) 157—158.; Id., Földr.Közl. 93(1969) 207—208.; Id., Les civilisations du paléolithique moyen entre les Alpes et l'Oural. (Budapest 1976) 67—70., 88., Fig. 16. 5 Jánossy, D., A magyarországi pleisztocén tagolása gerinces faunák alapján. (Budapest 1979) 135. 0 Kormos, T., La station.

. . ' Ibid. 8 Vértes L. et al., Tata. 251—253. s Ibid. 51—66, 85. 1

4 Kretxpi, M., Études paléontologiques. In: Érd. Fig. 17. 1

1 Jánossy, D., op. cit. 135.; M. Kretzoi came to the same conclusion in: Tata. 126.