Folia archeologica 34.

22 VIOLA 'Г

. DOBOSI one side the Tata-type industries, on the other side the Shipka-type industries (to whom, together with the Transylvanian caves, also Subalyuk Upper belongs I)

1'* It is M. Gábori who outlines the picture of the Early Würm industries from the widest angle. In a relatively narrow chronological intervallum and a very small spatial area he separates three cultures, i.e. the SE-European Charentian, Tata and Jankovichian.

4

0 The Tata type industries are represented with the eponymous site and the already mentioned Kiskevély and Csákvár caves, while the other pebble industry (Charentian) can be linked with a clearly outlined cultural circle.

4

1 The SE-European Charentian sites

—outside of the NE-Transdanubian centre

—seem to be detached spatially to smaller groups: Krapina and its circle (Fig. 3, sites 1—5); Spehovka, Mornava Zijalka, Veternica, Vindija; Kepolustand its circle (Fig.3, sites 6 11): Drachenhöhle, Badl, Lieglloch, Kugelstein; Errand its circle (Fig. 3, sites 12- 13): Szelim; lioros/eni and its circle (Fig. 3, sites 17 21): Baia de Fier, Ohaba Ponor, Baile Herculane, Cioklovina;

4'Two other centres take shape on the northern border of the Carpathian Basin: Bojnice and its circle (Fig. 3, sites 22, 27—28): Besenov, Malinovec; Gánóc and its circle: Fig. 3

, sites 23 26): Hranovnica, Ruzbachy, Beharovce.

4:i Rather uncertain is the classification of the cultures of the northern and southern bordering areas. Especially the archaeological find material of the Rumanian cave sites is rather poor, though the ecological data are summarized very thoroughly by M. Cârciumaru.

4

4 The cave sites on the borders of the mountains and over the river valleys are the youngest among the sites of the cultural unit. The sites are to be dated to the Nandru and Ohaba climatic periods; according to our terminology between Würm I and II.

4

5 The absolute chronological date of this interstadial might be

—comparing the data of Cârciumaru

—between 35 000 and 30 000. Roska mentioned first these cave sites; he noticed that we have to count with interrelations in the find material of caves topographically near.

4" According to Nicolàescu-Plopsor

4

7 the sites of the cave Moustérian characterized by a rather indifferent cold macrofauna belong to the material culture of 3

9 Valoch, K., Evolution of the Palaeolithic in Central and Eastern Europe. CurrAnthr 9(1968) 351—368. 4

0 Gábori, M., Les civilisations. . . 71, map 16. 4

1 Ibid. 48., 53, 71, 83. 4

2 Ibid. Fig. 16 : 20 4

3 See note 38. 4

4 Cârciumaru, M., Mediul geografic in pleistocenul superior çi culturile paleolitice din Románia. (Bucureçti 1980). 4

5 Ibid. 83—99. Fig. 31. In the course of time the classification of the not retouched, atypical quartzite-Palaeolithic of Baile Herculane underwent a change; according to the author the industry can be dated to the glacial phase previous to the Ohaba interstadial complex, which is from a palinologic point of view, the maximum of the steppe elements. (Fig. 31, 90). 4

G Roska, M., Erdély őskora. (Budapest 1936). 6. 4

7 Nico/äescu

—

P/opfor, С. S., Le paléolithique dans la République Populaire Roumaine à la lumière des dernières recherches. Dacia 1(1957) 47.