Folia archeologica 32.
T. Dobosi Viola: Őskori telepek Boldogkőváralja környékén - Gyarmati Pál: A boldogkőváraljai régészeti anyag kőzettani vizsgálata. Függelék
YC'ILD EQUIDS 63 layer of Traian-Dealul Viei 8 6 (Roumania) and from the Linear Pottery layer of the lower level in Novi Rusesti 8 7 (Soviet Union) were found horse bones. During the Mesolithic the wild horse could get into the Carpathian Basin also through the Dévény Gate and the Lower Danube. The "sylvan" horse of the forest zone having an Atlanto-Baltic, (northern-) Sarmatian subprovince could immigrate into the Carpathian Basin through the Dévény Gate while the "steppe ' ' horse of the SE-European steppe zone which has a Ponto- (southern) Sarmatian subprovince could get into the Carpathian Basin via the Lower Danube. The scarce horse bone material available is neither osteologically nor osteometrically enough to decide whether the Mesolithic wild horses of the Carpathian Basin were sylvan or steppe types. We can make probable only by indirect data that the warm-humid climate was favourable rather for the wild horse of the forest zone. In the Early and Middle Neolithic the sites of the wild horse were also dominantly in a mountainous environment and at the feet of mountains. It is interesting that in the territory of the Ponto- (southern) Sarmatian subprovince of the steppe horse bones were not found dominantly except in the Crimea and along the Middle-Lower Dniester. In the Bug-Dniester area they were found in only one settlement, while in Moldavia horses are missing. 8 8 During the Late Neolithic the wild horses appeared not only in the Carpathian Basin but also in Middle 8 9 and South-Eastern Europe. 0 0 In the warm and extremely arid continental climatic period of the Late Neolithic the wild horses of the South-Eastern European steppe wandering to the West reached the ranges of the Carpathians and later going around them immigrated to Middle Europe, too. These horses were dominantly of low stature, their withersheight was small (1275 mm), low (10 spec., 1290—1360 mm) and tall (1465 mm). 9 1 In Europe the first appearance of the domesticated horse was in the Eneolithic — Copper Age period. 9 2 But within the animal bone material of the Eneolithic -— Copper Age settlements we have to reckon faunistically with the bone remains of hunted wild horses, too. 8 6 Id., Studiul resturilor de fauna neolitica deshumata la sautierul arheologic Traian. MCA 9(1970) 59—66. 8 7 Tringham, R., Animal domestication in the Neolithic culture of the southwestern part of European USSR. In: The domestication and exploitation of plants and animals. (London 1969) 381—392. 8 8 Ibid.; Bibikova, V. I., К istorii domestikacii losadi na Jugo-Vostoke Europv. Arheologija, Kyjiv 22(1969) 55—67. 8 9 Miiller, H. H., op. cit. 74—.; Boessneck, J. — Driesch, A. et al., Die Tierknochenfunde aus dem Oppidum von Manching. Manching 6. (Wiesbaden 1977) Tab. 63. with further bibliography. 9 0 Tringham, R., loc. cit.; Bibikova, V. I., К istorii. . . loc. cit. 9 1 Withers-height values calculated by Vitt's method from the data of J. Boessneck et al„ (loc. cit.) 9 2 Bökönyi, S., The earlies. . . loc. cit.
