Folia archeologica 32.

T. Dobosi Viola: Őskori telepek Boldogkőváralja környékén - Gyarmati Pál: A boldogkőváraljai régészeti anyag kőzettani vizsgálata. Függelék

56 I. VÖRÖS Neolithic small Equids found in the Dobrogea

5

0 and Southern Moravia

5

1 were determined also as E. (A.) hydruntinus. The taxonomical revision of the species was made possible by the investigation of the small Equid finds discovered during the recent years. In Hungary its 42 bone remains came to light from 11 sites (Figs. 1—2, Table 1.). M. Kretzoi was the first, who on the basis of stratigraphical and zoogeographical arguments formulated that the Pleistocene and Holocene small Equids — in spite of Neolithic form under the name of Asinus neolithicus n. (s.) sp.

3

2 According to my opinion, based on stratigraphical, zoogeographical and osteometrical data as well as on the genetics of faunas, the Equus hemionus anatolicus sensu Halternorth et Trense from could be identified with the local variant of the mountain and highland onager subspecies of the Kulan macrospecies.

3

3 The subfossil "A. hydruntinus" is neither a relic species nor an endemic species in the Carpathian Basin but an immigrant element of the fauna. Yet from its hypothetical territory of origin, namely from the Eastern European and Southern Eurasian steppe, the "A. hydruntinus" is unknown from both the Mesolithic and Neolithic. This territory is the areal of the Equus hemionus.

54 During the Early Holocene (Mesolithic) the "A. hydruntinus" which has a Ponto-Turanian subprovince in a period when the climate gradually became warm and humid expanded westwards. At any rate the humidity, being the optimum factor of the species, contradicts its supposed ecological demand, namely that of the arid steppe. The material of two areas of Early Holocene Europe belongs to the Upper Pleistocene Equus (Asinus) hydruntius species. These two areas are the Apennine peninsula with an 51,42 per cent faunal dominance in its 18 Mesolithic sites (peripheric culmination?); and Southern France where there is a 7,31 per cent faunal dominance in 3 Mesolithic sites.

5

5 5

0 Necrasov, 0.

— Haimovici, S., Sur la présence d'une espèce pléistocéne d'Équidés Equus hydruntinus Reg. dans le Néolithique Roumain. Anal. Stiint. al. Univ. „A1.I. Cuza" din Iasi 5(1959) 137—148.; Id., Nouvelle contribution. . . loc. cit.; Kadulesco, C.

—

Samson, P., Sur la présence de Hydruntinus hydruntinus (Regalia) en Roumanie. Quaternaria 7(1965) 228—. 5

1 Kratochvil, Z., Der Fund von Equus (Hydruntinus) hydruntinus (Regalia 1907) und andere Säuger aus dem südmährischen Neolithikum. S1A 21(1973) 195—. 5

2 Kretzoi M., op. cit. 82. 5

3 Vörös, I., Előzetes jelentés... MS.; Id., HÓMÉ (in press). The Osteometrie data of "Asinus hydruntinus" belong to the range of those of Hemionus. (

Compagnon!

, В., op. cit. Figs. 1—4., Tabl. 3—4.) In the table of measurements also those of an Iranian Equus hemionus onager(j/) are present. (The Zoological Collection of the Hungarian Museum of Nat. History, Inv. no. 77.307.1.); N. V/assa came to the same conclusion [Sur l'existende des Equidées domestiques dans la culture de Vinca-Turdas. Dacia 22(1978) 53—.] but the Eastern European domestication of the species seems to bee hardly possible. 5

1 Selinov, V. I., Raskopki Odesskogo istoriko-arheologiceskogo muzeja pod Odessoj V 1936 g. SA 5(1940) 260.; Pidoplicko, I. G., Materiali do vivcenija minulih fauna URSR. II. (Kiev 1956); Bibikova, V. I., Fauna Olvii ta ii pereferii za materialami razkopok 1935—1948 gg. Arh. Pam. 7(1958) 143—155.; Haimovici, S., Studii resturilor faunistice proventite din asezarea apartinind perioadei de trecere de la neolitic la epoca bronzului de la Foltesti. Arh. Mold. 7(1972) 97—102.