Folia archeologica 31.
István Vörös: Zoológiai és palaeoökonómiai vizsgálatok a korai neolitikus Körös kultúra archaeozoologiai anyagán
54 I. VÖRÖS region that of the scrubby forest and in the Tisza Valley those of the scrubby forest and the closed forest. The configuration of the terrain and vegetation, conditions determine though not only the species-composition of the wild mammal fauna but also that of the domesticated animals, moreover they had an influence on the technique of domesticated animal keeping. With a few exceptions the absolute dominance of small ruminant bones can be discovered in the bone refuse at the settlements of the Körös Culture, although at the settlements of the Starcevo and the Cris culture adjacent to the Körös Culture from the South and the SouthEast, we do not find the dominance of small ruminant bones. At the settlements of the Cris Culture in Transylvania, Oltenia-Muntenia, Moldavia and the Danube Valley being in the highland forests. 8 3 at the foot of the hills or in the valleys as well as in the Staröevo settlements of Serbia, Bosnia and the Danube Valley 8 4 the quantity of cattle is significantly greater than that of small ruminants. In the Carpathian Basin at the Körös settlements of the Northern Banat and of the Middle Tisza Valley the number of cattle bone remains is twice to five times greater than the quantity of cattle bones found at the settlements of the Northern Bácska and of the Maros region; at the same time the number of the small ruminants is decreasing. Taking into account the data concerning the amimal bone material of the Early Neolithic settlements at the Balkan the living stock of the Körös Culture with its sheep dominance is identical with the Aegean —South Balkan type living stock, however not genetically but merely formally. It was not the domesticated animal "fauna" with the sheep dominance which was brought by the mobile population of the Körös Culture to the Carpathian Basin but the four domesticated animals; the cattle, the sheep, the goat and the dog were introduced by them. In the karstic regions of the Aegean, the Peloponnese, Thessaly and Greek and Yugoslav Macedonia the vegetation made first of all the keeping and breeding of small ruminants possible. This so-called "Mediterranean type" animal keeping is still in existence in these lands. The keeping of the cattle was not significant in these territories either in prehistoric times or is it nowadays. At the settlements of the Starcevo — Cris culture being an economicalsocial medium connecting the Körös Culture in the Carpathian Basin and the Protosesklo Culture in the Aegean the cattle is, with the exeption of one case, the most important domesticated animal. 8 5 At the time being we can not solve the controversion which man fests itself in the following: how could the Körös Culture for a rather long time 8 3 Necrasov, 0., Studiul oseminfelor umane si al restirilor dc paleofauna, descoperite in mormintul neolitic de la Cluj — „Gura-Baciului", datind din cultura Cris. Apulum 5(1965) 19 — 34.; Id., Sur les restes des faunes subfossiles datent de la culture Starcevo —Criç et le problème de la domestication. Anal.Stiint. aie Univ. „Al.I.Cuza" Jasi 10(1964) 167— 181 ; Vlassa, jV., Neoliticul Transilvaniei. Bibl. Mus.Napocensis 3. (Cluj 1976) 111. 8 4 Bökönyi, S., op.cit. 1969. 158.; 1970. Table 1.; 1976. Obre-I. 56., Table 1-2.; 1976. Anza. Table XXXIII-XXXIV.; 1977. Table 4. 8 5 Tringham, R., Hunters, fishers and farmers of Eastern Europe 6000 — 3000 B. C. (London 1971) 96.
