Folia archeologica 30.
Viola T. Dobosi - István Vörös: Adatok a lovasi őskori festékbánya leletegyüttesének értékeléséhez
20 V. T. DOBOSI—[ . VÖRÖS The three phases (types) are as follows: 1. the proximal 2/3 for the ulna body together with the olecranon (53/1.2.9. 10.) (Fig. 1. no. 2., Fig. 2. no. 2) ; 2. the proximal 1/3 of the ulna body with the worked olecranon (53/3.4.7.8. 12.13.20.) (Fig. 1. no. /., Fig. 2. no. /., Fig. 3. no. /., Fig. 4. no. 1); 3. the proximal 1/3 of the ulna body with the base of the olecranon (53/5.6. 11.14.15.16.17.18.19.21.22.). The olecranon was removed in the hight of the processus coronoideus latero-medials or that of the processus anconatus (Fig. 1. no. 3., Fig. 3. no. 2., Fig. 4. nos. 2-3). In all three cases the surfaces of the ulnae have a smooth polish! The proximal articular processes of the ulnae as well as the latero-medial sides of the incisura semilunaris were removed and polished. The olecranon of the ulna implements, Type 2, is carved in a dorso-volar way in the direction of the tuber olecrani, serving so to say as a second working edge. In the Palaeolithic age there are no known tools identical with the Lovas ulna implements. The ulna awl, found in Layer В of Selim Cave, now in the Palaeolithical Collection of the Hung. Nat. Mus. (Inv. no. Ö.50/1935.B.15) was made of the proximal end of the dext. ulna of a domesticated bovid. Bone awls were found in two specimens, one of them a polished one, made of the ventral cortex of the proximal diaphysis of a metatarsus from an elk, the other of the metapodium from an ibex. In Hungary there is an awl with a wide base known, found in Jankovich Cave, which was made of a pseudometapodium from an elk. The spoon-chisels were made of long bone diaphyses, one end is flat and also polished (Fig. 6. nos. 5-6.). When classifying the find assemblage of the Lovas paint mine, the finds of the Jankovich Cave served primarly as analogues. We suggest now a reverse method; M. Gábori says in evaluating the Transdanubian leaf implement cultures: < c. . .quant aux outils en os, ils sont manifestement les produits d'une autre civilisation." 3 9 We are aware of the fact that the affinity of one implement cannot decide the affiliation of a whole find assemblage and furthermore we can take it for certain that the finds of the Jankovich Cave were mixed. Notwithstanding, if the single leaf implement, found at Lovas, approaches the find to the „Jankovich" culture, we may risk, on the basis of the identity of the two awls, the hypothesis that the leaf implements of the Jankovich Cave and the bone awl are contemporaneous and that the making of polished bone implements is not alien from the bifacial Mousterian Jankovich culture. The Sümeg and Tata silex mines yielded homogeneous antler implements, as clubs, wedge expanders and tool-hafts. 4 0 Although these three groups of implements served equally for mining, the Lovas antler implements show no affinity with the technique of the antlers, used for flint mining, or with the shaping of the toolhafts either. The present state of preservation of the Lovas antlers is too fragmentary for observing any traces of human working. For the digging of gravel 3 9 Gábori, AL, Les civilisations ... 79. 1 0 Vértes, L., Acta Arch. Hung. 16(1964) 187-215., Pl. IX-XIX.; Fülöp, J., Acta Arch. Hung. 25(1973) 3-25., Pl. IV-V.
