Folia archeologica 29.
Ecsedy István: Bronzkori telep Biharugrán
BRONZE AGE SETTLEMENT AT B1HARUGRA In the archaeological field survey made in 1973 in County Békés as preli" minary proceedings for the Archaeological Topography we found the remains of a Bronze Age settlement in the area of Biharugra-Cserepes dűlő. The surface vestiges of the settlement extend in a length of ca. 200 m over a slightly protruding bank. The sherds collected from the surface have been decorated with typical motives of the Ottomány culture. On the western part of the find place an area of a diameter of ca 70-80 m has been fortified with a circular ditch. 1 In 1974 we led a sondage excavation on this find place. On the central area of the fortified part of the settlement we excavated a section of 5x5 m 2. 2 Two settlement strata could be segregated during the excavation, both of them contained finds of the Ottomány culture (Fig. 2). Finds of the upper stratum v.: Fig. 1; Figs. 3, 1, 3-5; Figs. 4, 1-6, 8-14; Figs. 5, 1, 3-5, 11-15; Fig. 6. The find material of the lower stratum v.: Figs. 3, 10-11 ; Fig. 4, 7; Figs. 5, 9, 16-17. The find material of the lower stratum of the excavated area is to be surely placed to the phase of the Ottomány culture contemporaneous with the Rétközberencs settlement and parallel with the second period of the Hatvan culture with the aid of the youngest types found here. 3-1 1 The excavated material yields only a few hypotheses as for the origins and connections of the population of the settlement. We consider it to be remarkable that younger types are absent from the lower culture stratum, while some archaiclooking types found also at Békés-Várdomb in the earliest strata and at TiszalúcDankadomb along with the material of the early Hatvan culture (Phase 1) can be found in both of the strata. These are vessels of a surface roughened by brush and comb strokes and dishes of well-profiled rims, roughened below their paunch line. The joint occurrence of these types in a stratigraphically well-defined stratum represents the earliest stratum of the Ottomány culture very likely, parallel or else common with the first phase of the Hatvan culture; at least it seems to prove the assumption of a similar phase. 1 2 It is likely that a historical process as yet not sufficiently cleared resulted the evolution of the Hatvan and Ottomány cultures. It took place in the latest period of the Early Bronze Age Nyírség group, being parallel to the early Nagyrév culture. 1 32 2
