Folia archeologica 27.

Viola T. Dobosi: Őskori telep Demjén-Hegyeskőbércen

16 V. T. DOBOSI only Mesolithic site yielding a good stratigraphie sequence, another tent foundation was unearthed by M. Gábori: it is a square spot of 2,8x2,7 m, standing clearly against the sand, with stones, pebbles, among them flakes, implements, fabrication wastes on its surface. There are no postholes; outside the tent, however, a fireplace was found.

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3 Analogies for a square tent or house foundation, packed partly or wholly with stones, were found, besides Sződliget, up to now only at western European Late Palaeolithic - Mesolithic settlements. Tent foundations, strikingly identical with ours, were discovered at Magdalenien settlements of West France, being geographically very remote from ours, and having no connections at all as for their culture either. Near Mussidan (Dordogne), along with a stone industry belonging to Magdalénien I, a tent foundation was unearthed, somewhat larger than ours (5x3,5 m), of a square form, opening to S, partly stone-packed.

14 In both versions of the linear reconstructions the bearer-bars are fastened by ropes, tautened with the aid of big stones. The wooden structure covered with skins was not dug in the earth, as there are no postholes. As for the destination of the tent, at the time of its publication there was no possibility of deciding, whether the first object of a tent-settlement was discovered, or a separate advanced post, for observing the trail of game. Even more closely related to the tent foundation with stone packing, unearthed at Demjén, is the Magdalénien tent foundation, excavated by J. Gaussen at Cérisier, Dordogne: in this case the whole, square surface is covered with stones; a separate entrance was built here as well. The only difference is that here the entrance corridor was covered entirely with stones; and had a square form and not a domed one as at Demjén.

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5 Dwelling objects of the settlements near Ahrensburg, dating from the end of the Ice Age, are summarized by A. Rust in his solid monography.

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6 All dwelling objects (at Berneck the double-walled tent of the Hamburg horizon, at the same place the double tent, connected by a corridor, belonging to the Magdalénien culture, or at Poggwisch, the tent belonging to the Hamburg horizon) are round or oviform and not square. A common feature with ours is that all have partly stone packings, without any postholes, the bearer-bars supporting the skins, resp. the skins were tightened with big stones. The Mesolithic - Early Neolithic settlements of the Iron Gate are to be mentioned quite apart. The ensemble of the houses of peculiar forms, partly dug in the loess, excavated here, the fireplace s built in round with stone slabs, were formed by a peculiar way of life, determined by the pédologie relations and climate of the Iron Gate, and, above all, by oecological factors.

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7 Without discussing the somewhat contradictory terminology of archaeologists, excavating reps, publish1

3 Gábori., Acta Arch. Hung. 20(1968) 33-36. 1

1 bordes, F -Gaussen, J., Un fond de tente magdalénien près Mussidan (Dordogne). In: Frühe Menschheit und Umwelt. I. (Köln 1970) 312-327., Figs. 55, 56. 1

5 Bordes, F., The Old Stone Age. (London 1968) Fig. 76 В. l

c Rus/, A., Die jungpaläolithischen Zeltanlagen von Ahrensburg. (Neumünster 1958) 1

7 Jovanovic В., Elements ... 1-9.; Jovanovic, В., Chronological ... 23—28. ; Jovanovic, В., La préhistoire du Djerdap Supérieur. Starinar 22(1971) 1-22.