Folia archeologica 27.

István Fodor: Az uráli és finnugor őshaza kérdése (Régészeti áttekintés)

THE URALIAN AND FINNO-UGRIAN ORIGINAL ПОМЕ 153 This notion - supported also by other data - became very popular both in Finland

2

4 and Hungary.

2

5 The Finnish generally locate the original home to the region of the Oka and Central Volga, while Hungarian specialists take, besides the Central Volga area, primarly the Kama valley in consideration. To-day Köppen's arguments are, however, not considered as well-established. It is proved by the investigations of the Esthonian ethnologist F. Lt/wt/s that bees and honey were known in Siberia for ancient times, ages before the Russian conquest; it was only domestic apiculture which was introduced by the Russians to this area. Collecting honey from the cavities of trees, housing bee swarms, the so-called forest apiculture, was known to the inhabitants of Siberia also in previous times. The word "bee" could mean evidently the bumble-bee as well. This is, therefore, no evidence for excluding Siberia from areas to be considered as the original home.

2

6 Roughly contemporaneous with the study of F. Linnus is that of A. Hämäläinen, who drew the attention to an ancient apiculture of Central Asian peoples. Based on an oral information of J. G. Ramsted he refers to a Japanese chronicle of about 800, according to which at this time bees were imported to ]apan from the present Manchuria.

2

7 He furthermore argues that the existence of the words bal, i. e. bee, and avus, i. e. wax, is provable in Central Asian Turk and Mongolian languages as early as about 1200, which would mean that we can strongly question the assertion of Köppen, according to which bees were unknown in Siberia before the end of the 18th century.

2

8 He refers here to a notice of W. Radloff, wo had seen many bumble-bees about the Lake Telecki and found a widespread forest apiculture among the "Küsön" tribe of the Black Forest Tatars and along the river Ügon.

2

9 The words for bee and honey (argi and pal) in local Tatarian languages cannot be derived from the Russian having ancient roots.

3" Based on 2

4 See: Paasonen, H., Beiträge zur Aufhellung der Frage nach der Urheimat der finnischugrischen Völker. Turun Suomalaisen Yliopiston Julkaisnja. B.I/5. (1923).; Setälä E. N. op. cit.; Toivonen, Y. H., Zur Frage der finnisch-ugrischen Urheimat. JSFOu 56(1952): 1. 41. 2

5 See: Gombocz, Z., op. cit. 313.; Zsirai, M., A magyarság eredete. In : A magyarság őstörténete. Red. L. Ligeti. (Bp. 1943) 26.; Barcsi, G., op. cit. 286.; Hajdú, P., A magyarság kialakulásának előzményei. NyE 2. (Bp. 1953) 21.; Id., Finnugor népek és nyelvek. (Bp. 1962) 35, 39.; N. Sebestyén, 1., Acta Ling 1(1951-1952) 273-346. 2

6 Linnus, F., Eesti vanem mesindus. I. Metsamesindus. Deutsches Referat. (Tartu 1940) 23. (,,... es sich bei den Nachrichten über die Entstehung der Bienenzucht in Gouv. Tomsk im XVIII. Jh. nur einzig und allein um die Hausbeinenzucht handeln kann, daß dagegen südlich der Stadt Kuznezk und besonders im Nord-Altai die wilden Bienen und die Honigjagd eine uralte Erscheinung sind.") 2

7 Hämäläinen, A., Beiträge zur Geschichte der primitiwen Bienenzucht bei den finnischugrischen Völker. JSFOu 47(1935) 34. 2

S Ibid. 2

9 „Eine andere, noch viel bedeutendere Erwerbsquelle für die Schwarzwald-Bewohner bieten die Bienenstöcke und Cedernmüsse. In den riesigen Waldflächen gibt es unzählige wilde Bienenschwärme, die in hohlen Bäumen ihre Zellen bauen und reichlich Honig eintragen. Diese Bienenschwärme mitsammt dem Honig nehmen die Tataren aus und verkaufen sie an die russischen Kaufleute." Radloff, W., Aus Sibirien. Lose Blätter aus dem Tagebuch eines reisenden Linguisten. I. (Leipzig 1884) 367-368. On the apiculture of the near area about the river Ügön: Ibid. 101. 3

0 Klinge, ]., Die Honigbäume des Ostbaltikums und die Beutkricfern Westpreusens. Schriften der Naturforschenden Gesellschaft in Danzig 10(1899) 223. (Quoted after A. Hämäläinen, op. cit. 34. п. 2.)