Folia archeologica 27.

Viola T. Dobosi: Őskori telep Demjén-Hegyeskőbércen

Folia y \rcbaeologica XXVII. 1976 Budapest PREHISTORIC SETTLEMENT AT DEMJ ÉNHEGYESKÖBÉRC Viola T. DOBOSI The research of Central European Mesolithic has recently made great strides. The complex problem is approached primarily "beginning at the back", from the side of the Neolithic period. Research studies the Mesolithic Age in its capacity as the material culture of a fundamental population, which later accepted the results of the Neolithic revolution, being able to prepare the conditions of a rich and fine Neolithic culture, to change their way of life fundamentally. In northwestern Europe excavations, yielding a rich botanical find material, gave a sufficient evidence for the notion that the diffusion of the earliest agricultural population groups was connected with the warm and moist Atlantic phase (5500-3000. B.C.) During the postglacial climatic optimum the average temperature was at least 2 C° higher than to-day.

1 The connections of the Mesolithic and Neolithic periods are, though, much less homogeneously judged and the opinions on this field differ extremely. According to R. Tringham connections among population groups of the local Mesolithic and agriculturers were rare and accidental,

2 on the other hand R. R. Newell, who elaborated the chipped stone industry of the Dutch Linear culture with the utmost accuracy, came to the conclusion, that "... almost every technological, morphological and typological element which characterizes the flint industry of the Dutch Limburg Linearbandkeramik has an exact or immediate parallel and antecendent in the industry of the contemporaneous and propinquitous western Younger Oldesloe Culture

. . . "

3 this latter being a typical Late Mesolithic industry. In connection with the Iron Gate sites B. Jovanovic states with a value for the whole Danubian region that "... it is obvious that the earliest agriculture in the Balcanic Danubian regions was preceded by a strong populative base of 1 Bulkier, K. W., Environment and archaeology. An introduction to Pleistocene geography (Chicago 1964) 407-443.; Nandris, J., Relations between the Mesolithic, the first temperate Neolithic, and the Bandkeramik: the nature of the problem. In: Die aktuellen Fragen der Bandkeramik. Akten der Pannónia Konferenzen. I. (Székesfehérvár 1972) 61. (In the followings: Die aktuellen Fragen der Bandkeramik.) 2 Newell

, R. R., The Mesolithic affinities and typological relations of the Dutch Bandkeramik flint industry. In: Die aktuellen Fragen der Bandkeramik. 17. 3 Ibid. 35-36.