Folia archeologica 23.

Tibor Kovács: Askoi, Bird-Shaped Vessels, Bird-Shaped Rattles in Bronze Age Hungary

IO T. KOVÁCS By simply looking at the above-mentioned bird-shaped vessels, we can observe several interesting features. A connection between the Vucedol and Starcevo pieces is not merely due to the doubleaxe motif, but a similar place for the opening of the two vessels as well. This only corroborates the fact that the latter feature distinguishes structurally our two vessels from all the other Carpathian ones. From those belonging to the late Hatvan culture (Szentes-Tés, Szihalom, Bökénymindszent), only the last one deserves notice. At the present moment we know nothing of its direct formal antecedents, nor of any contemporary parallels. A Dunaújváros vessel and a Törtei one (Fig. 4) to be described below is a similarly individual pieces. At the same time, the "standardized" bird-shaped vessels of Dubovac-Cirna culture

—as compared to other Bronze Period cultures —refer to a more restricted world of beliefs. The bird-shaped rattles are remarkable pieces coming down to us from prehistoric Hungary (cf. Fig. 2b). I shall list them by making use of the data of István Bona and Gábor Bándi, adding to them some recently emerging or forgotten pieces as well.

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1 In the Transdanubian region of people of the incrusted pottery. Dunaalmás, Sárisáp, Királyszentistván, Veszprém-Bajcsy Zsilinszky Street, Papkeszi, Lengyel, Harc.

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2 In the territory of Vatya culture: Bia.

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3 In the region of Magyarád culture :Nitriansky Hrádok, Vesele-Hradisko, Maié Kosihy (Kiskeszi), Madarovce (Magyarád).

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4 In the region of Füzesabony culture: Piliny, Kisterenye-Hárshegy, SzécsényKerekdomb, Füzesabony, Tószeg,

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5 Gelej.

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1 Bóna, /., A középső bronzkor . . . 452-455.; Bíndi, G., A Dunántúl története a korai és a középső bronzkorban. (Manuscript.) 6

2 Dunaalmás : Kuny Domokos Múzeum, Tata; Sárisáp (nos. 1-2): MNM Inv. no.: 4.1948.36. and Balassi Bálint Múzeum, Esztergom. Inv.no.: 55.291.12.; Királyszentistván: Bakonyi Múzeum, Veszprém. Inv. no.: 1954.51. [Cf. В. Thomas, E.-Szentléleky, T., Führer durch die archäologischen Sammlungen des Bakonyer Museums in Veszprém. Urzeit - Römerzeit. (Bp. 1959) 13., Pl. III.; Bóna, /., Magyarországi művészet. . . 14.]; Veszprém - Bajcsy Zsilinszky u. : Bakonyi Múzeum, Veszprém. [Cf. Szentléleky, T., RF I :<). (Bp. 1958) 9.] ; PapkesziFelsőmajor: Bakonyi Múzeum, Veszprém. Inv. no.: 55.39.1.; Siófok-Széplak-l adkacsás: RipplRónai Múzeum, Kaposvár.; Lengyel: Wosinszky, AI., Tolna vármegye története. (Bp. 1896) 338., Pl. XCV. no. I.; Harc: Bóna, /., A középső bronzkor . . . 454-455. 6

3 Stein, G., VSz 3(1936) 342-346., Fig. 9.; After having finished this paper I found, among the finds of the Vatya settlement at Dunaújváros, a frígment of a bird-shaped rattle. MNM. Inv. no.: 52.2.5. 6

4 Tocik, A., Befestigte bronzezeitliche Ansiedlung in Veselé. Stud. Zvesti 12(1964) 237., Fig. 27. no. 8. - Nitriansky Hrádok: Tocik, A., Opevnená osada z doby bronzovej vo Veselom. Arch. Slov. Fontes 5(1964) 195., Pl. XLII. no. 18. - Vesele-Hradisko. ; Kalicz, N-, Die Frühbronzezeit . . . 123., Pl. CXV. no. 2. - Male Kosihy.; Visegrádi, J

., MKÉ 5(1911) 38., Pl. VII. nos. 3-4. — Magyarád (Madarovce). 6

5 Hampel, /., Antiquités . . . Pl. XIII. no. 29. - Piliny.; Kubinyi, F., AK 2(1861) 97., Pl. XVI. no. 108. - Kisterenye-Hárshegy.; Kalicz, N., Die Frühbronzezeit . . . 122., Pl. CXV. no. 5. - Szécsény-Kerekdomb. ; Tompa, F., op. cit. Pl. 40. no. 20., Pl. 41. no 26. - Füzesabony. ; MNM Inv. no.: 31.1948.35. - Tószeg. 6

S At Gelej-Kanális dűlő cemetery, from a child's grave of the Füzesabony culture, an unornamented, stylized bird-shaped rattle was unearthed. (Here I thank T. Kemenczei for his verbal information.)-It was also T. Kemenczei who has called my attention to an unadorned rattle of uncertain period which emerged from Prügy-Tökföld excavation.