Folia archeologica 23.
Tibor Kovács: Askoi, Bird-Shaped Vessels, Bird-Shaped Rattles in Bronze Age Hungary
AsKOI, BIRD-SHAPED VESSELS vessel in the Nagyrév culture. 2 1 As far as the incised, reversed T-shaped rib is concerned, lying on both sides of the vessel (is it a stylized indication of the wings ?), I make the following observation. The plastic T-shaped rib of a southern origin used for ornamentation can be seen frequently in early Bronze Age pieces. 22 On many vessels deriving from the Nagyrév culture we can see the vertical ribornament all along the body, 2 3 and on some finds from the Tószeg excavation, we can even find a rib incised along the back. 2 4 Equally, on the neck and both sides of the Tószeg askos the typical ornamentation is an incised line with two dotted rows which can be found on the bottom part of a vessel of the Nagyrév culture. 25 On the ground of the above details, but also on that of the whole's character, I consider the Tószeg askos as a product of the Nagyrév culture. Its early dating 26 may be also supported by the fact that we find on the Zók-Várhegy and Sövényháza objects the counterpart of the incised rib alongside the back. 2 7 A greater number of askoi emerged in the later phases of the Hatvan culture: at Tis^aluc- Dankadomb, Tis^atardos, Mezőcsát-Pástidomb, Aroktő-Dongóhalom, Füzesabony (pieces i and 2) and Tis^augKéménytető. 2 8 From the Late-Hatvan culture about 13-14 unbroken and broken askoi are known. Within the same type — at the present day—three sub-types may be distinguished. /. Tiszaluc-Dankadomb (Fig. 1. no. 1), 2. Füzesabony/i, Mezőcsát-Pástidomb, Tiszatardos (Fig. I. no. 2), 3. Fűzesabony /г, (Fig. I. no. 3). Ároktő-Dongóhalom Some connections —to be discussed below— refer to the fact that the order of succession of the sub-types are partially chronological. In his monograph dealing with the Early Bronze Age in North-east Hungary, Nándor Kalicz subjected to close scrutiny the new object types emerging in the later phases of the Hatvan culture. One of these was the askos which also emerged in other contemporary cultures: in the Otomani-culture (Rétközberencs, Salacea (Szalacs), 2 9 in the Wietenberg 3 021 Cf. Bona, /., Alba Regia 1(1960) Pl. IX. no. 5.; Bóna, I., Alba Regia 2-3(1963) Pl. XV. nos. 7, 12., Pl. XVIII. nos. 10, 12. 2 2 Kalicz, N., Die Péceler (Badener) Kultur und Anatolien. Stud. Arch. 2. (Bp. 1963) 67.; Kalicz, N., Die Frühbronzezeit ... 156. 2 3 Cf. Bóna, /., Alba Regia 1963. Pl. X. nos. 2a, 5, 6-6a., Pl. XI. nos. 2, 5-6 etc. 2 4 Banner, J.-Bóna, I.-Mdrton, L., Acta Arch. Hung. 10(1957) 113., Fig. 17. no. 4.; N.b. we meet with ribs with dented backs even in the material of the Hatvan culture: Kalicz, N., Die Frühbronzezeit ... Pl. XXXV. no. zo., Pl. XC. no. 8. etc. 2 5 Banner, J.-Bóna, I.-Márton, L., op. cit. 90., Fig. 25. 2 6 Moxsolics , A., La stratigraphie . . . 28з.-ТЬе askos is given to illustrate the potter's art in the Füzesabony culture. 2 7 I. Bóna states, for the sake of completion-without giving places of emergence-that even the askos points to a southern component of the Nagyrév culture: Annales Univ. Bp. Sect. Hist. 3(1961) 8. 2 8 Kalicz, N., Die Frühbronzezeit. . . 154, 171., Pl. LII. no. 10. -Tiszalúc-Dankadomb; Pl. LX. no. 3.-Tiszatardos; Pl. LXVIII. nos. 13-14. and Pl. LXIX. no 1.-Mezőcsát-Pástidomb; Pl. LXX. nos. I i-i2.-Ároktő-Dongóhalom-cf. Note 2.; Pl. CXV. nos. 7-8.-Füzesabony.; By kind permission of T. Kemenczei, I want to mention that at Halmaj, among finds of the Hatvan culture, fragments of askoi also emerged. 2 9 Kalicz, N., Die Frühbronzezeit . . . 171.; Kalicz , N., Arch. Ért. 97(1970) 26.; Referring to Károly Kacsó's statement, let me mention that in the territory of the Otomani culture, in the Pir and Tiream settlements askoi have also emerged. 3 0 Horedt, K., Die Wietenbergkultur. Dacia 4(1960) 124., Fig. 12. no. I.; Scbroller, H., Die Stein- und Kupferzeit Siebenbürgens. (Berlin 1933) Pl. IX. no. 9.
