Folia archeologica 22.
Cs. Sós Ágnes - Parádi Nándor: A csátaljai Árpád-kori temető és település
140 A. es. sós — N. PARADI Only 32 graves — 27 per cent - yielded grave goods, being rather poor. The characteristical finds for the female and children's graves (Figs. 4-j ) are hair-rings of bronze or silver of a poort quality, with S-shaped terminals. Only in one grave occurred a hair-ring with open ends ; t h с о n 1 у finger-ring (Fig. /. no. 76I1) was found in a female grave. The bracelets in graves ill and IV repre cent three types. 0 Glass beads occurred only in the child's grave no. 87. Three iron knives came to light in graves containing skeletons of a child, of a female and of an adult cf indefinable sex. Onlyone male grave (no. XII) was furnished; - an iron buckle was found (which is, however, lost). A child's grave (no. 52) yielded egg-shells , dead - were found in that of an adult of indefinable sex (no. 68) grains and seeds. Coins - obols of the grave VII (that of Stephen I: Fig. 4. no. VII ) grave 43 (that of Salomon: Fig. 4. no. 4jj2), grave 46 (Dux Géza I: Fig. j. no. 46/2) and grave 14 (Dux Géza I: Fig. 4. no. 4). Except for the coin in grave 43, found about the left wrist, all others were bent and placed on the chest (grave VII, female), under the chin (grave 14, child), or between the folded hands (grave 46, female). Judging by the jewellery and the coins the cemetery was in use during the eleventh century. If the coin of Stephen I (Fig. j), coming to light in the central part of the cemetery, indicates the actual date of the burial, in this central part inhumations must have been started in the first half, or perhaps in the first third of the eleventh century. The dispersion of the coins minted between 1063 and 1074 would point to the fact that the cemetery expanded both to W and E in a roughly equal period. A silver coin of Dux Géza I (grave 14), found close by the grave containing the coin of Stephen I, suggests that the latter was not buried in the time of its issue but at a much later date. The order of the population in the cemetery cannot be determined on the basis of the grave goods and coins, it can only be stated, that both the W and E parts of the cemetery unearthed so far were in use during the second half of the eleventh century. The cemetery was the burial ground of the common people of the Árpádian period. The finds do not disclose much about the ethnic composition of the population. During the eleventh century the use of the hair-rings with S-shaped terminals was not restricted to certain ethnic groups. 7 The Slavic origin of the bracelets terminating in animal heads 8 cannot be proved with certainty ; even accepting the statements of Géza Fehér it does not follow necessarily that they give a clue as for the ethnical status of common people buried in the eleventh century cemeteries. 9 On the other hand, the anthropological material of the cemetery may yield more data regarding the population. Skeletons of 42 adults were examined by Pál Lipták who stated that the cemetery was used by a population of an average heterogeny. The most significant element is a narrow-faced dolichocephalic group (40 per cent), following in order of importance by the Mediterranean, CromagnoidB, Eastern-Europoid and Cromagnoid-A types. The Eastern-Europoid type is characteristical chiefly for the women. 1" All these show with a great probability that elements of the local groups, among them such of Slavic origin, took part in the formation of the settlement belonging to the eleventh century cemetery of Csátalja-Vágotthegy. 1 1
