Folia archeologica 18.
Tibor Kovács: Eastern Connections of North-Eastern Hungary in the Late Bronze Age
EASTERN CONNECTIONS OF HUNGARY 55 the Egyek and Felsőszőcs groups dated to the second phase of the Late Bronze Age. 10 0 2. The potsherds decorated with incrustation coming to light from the Nyírkarász—Gyulaháza tumulus are the fragments of such vessels which occur in the material of the cemetery of Berkesz (Fig. 11, nos. 1—2) and among the finds of Nyíregyháza—Bujtos (Fig. 14, no. 3) and Jéke (Fig. 16, no. 11). The potsherds of the tumulus came to light together with such metal objects (battle-axe of B 3 type with a disk at the butt end, socketed celt of the Transylvanian type, pin with warts on the upper part of stem) 10 1 which are frequently among the finds of the depots typical of Opályi assigned to the В IV period by A. Mozsolics. 10 2 3. The pins found at Szakoly occur among the finds dated to the R BD period in the western and southern parts of the Carpathian Basin. 4. Even if we disregard the immediate ethnic relations owing to the identity of several types and to their relations, the development of the Noa culture is also an indirect chronological proof of the dating of our finds. A. Florescu assigns the first developmental phase of the Noa-Sabatinovka cycle to the end of the Middle Bronze Age or rather to the beginning of the Late Bronze Age (14th and 13th centuries), the second phase to the Late Bronze Age [13th century (RBD)] and in some areas until the beginning of the Early Iron Age (12th century). 103 The value of the chronological data of the different developmental stages of the Komarovo culture would mean to us in dating is significantly reduced by the fact that the finds are unpublished. According to J. Dabrowski the development of the Komarovo culture can be traced from the second period of the Bronze Age (cf. the chronology of Montelius) until the Early Iron Age, though the late phase has not been extensively studied. 10 4 I. K. Svesnikov states that the development of the tribes of the Komarovo culture included the Middle and Late Bronze Ages from the second half of the second millennium to the beginning of the first millennium. He distinguishes three developmental stages of the culture. The influence of the corded-ware culture is traceable in the ceramic forms of the first phase (the Middle Bronze Age). The pottery of the middle phase dated to the Late Bronze Age was much influenced by the Monteoru culture. In the late phase (the lastphase of the Late Bronze Age, the beginning of the Early Iron Age) the connection of the Komarovo and Noa cultures to that of the Kustanovo can be proved. 10 5 The fact that those hoards which mark the end of the life of the Berkesz — Demecser ethnic group 10 6 were hidden in the earth indicates an outside attack. As it is commonly held, the inheritance of the invaders are the finds of the Gáva 10 7 type among which several ceramic forms occur which have their roots in local development. 10 8 Among the hoards which were buried in the Eraly Iron 10 0 Mozsolics, A., Acta Arch. Hung. 12 (1960) 115, 123. 10 1 Ibid. Pl. LXIX, nos. 11—20. 10 2 Mozsolics, A., Acta Arch. Hung. 15 (1963) 77 ff. юз pi orescu j A. C., op. cit. 214. 111 4 Dabrowski, J., Materialy ze Stryzowa, pow. Hrubieszów, a niektóre powiazania ziem Polski Wschodniej i Ukrainy w póznej epoce brazu. Mat. Star. 8 (1962) 56. 10 5 Svesnikov, I. K., op. cit. 14. 10 6 Kemenczei, T., Arch. Ért. 90 (1963) 186. 10 7 Mozsolics, A., Acta Arch. Hung. 12 (1960) 123. ; Rusu, M., op. cit. 189. 10 8 Gáva, Prügy, Nagykálló, Nyíribrony, Nyírbéltek, Nyírbogdány, Kenézlő etc. (Jósa András Museum, Nyíregyháza.)
