Folia archeologica 18.

Tibor Kovács: Eastern Connections of North-Eastern Hungary in the Late Bronze Age

50 T. KOVÁCS the Carpathian Basin in the Middle and Late Bronze Ages proves the settling of a new population. Due to the inadequate knowledge of the circumstances of discovery, the analysis of the finds can be done only with the help of typological comparison. On the basis of a larger collection of material in Eastern Hungary carried out in the recent past we can determine with certainty the origin of the different types of vessels. The forms traceable to the pottery of the Egyek group of the tumulus culture among the finds of the Berkesz

—Demecser type are the following:

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2 1. Urn with conical neck (Fig. 13, nos. 1, 12., Fig. 14, no. 15).

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3 2. Dish with incurved rim, unornamented (Fig. 11, nos. 3, 15), with row of warts on the shoulder (Fig. 11, nos. 17—18., Fig. 12, no. 3., Fig. 16, no. 13., Fig. 17, no. 9). 3. Dish on low pedestal (Fig. 14, no. 9.) 4. Tall mug with everted rim, unornamented (Fig. 13, nos. 10, 14., Fig. 14, no. 17), the rim pinched up to form warts (Fig. 11, nos. 19—

20)

г

и or with warts set on the neck

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5 (Fig. 11, no. 21). 5. One-handled mug with everted rim (Fig. 13, no. 4).

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6 6. Cup with handle (Fig. 11, nos. 5, 7, 11—12, 14., Fig. 12, nos 4—5., Fig. 13, nos. 3—5., Fig. 14, nos. 1—2, 5, 13, 15., Fig. 15, nos. 3, 6—7., Fig. 16. nos. 2, 8., Fig. 17, nos. 4—5) ; the form with long neck and with pouched lower part more rarely occurs in the Egyek material, while this type of cup is the most common among the finds of the Berkesz

—Demecser type (Fig. 11, nos. 11—12., Fig. 12, nos. 4—5., Fig. 14, no. 5 etc.).

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7 7. Jug standing on foot with grooved decoration (Fig. 14, no. 4) ;

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8 it is a generally used type in the Middle and Late Bronze Ages, thus it is also frequent among the finds of the Egyek group, but is is unknown even here decorated only with grooves. The high-handled cup pouched just below the neck and with everted rim can be traced back to the pottery of the Felsőszőcs group. The classical Felsőszőcs form

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9 can be found almost unaltered among the finds of the Berkesz

— Demecser type, both unornamented (Fig. 12, no. 7., Fig. 13, nos. 6, 9., Fig. 16., nos. 1, 3),

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0 and decorated (Fig. 11, nos. 1, 4., Fig. 13, no. 8., Fig. 14, nos. 3, 6., Fig. 15, nos. 1—2, 9., Fig. 16, nos. 9, 11., Fig. 17, no. 1) variations. These forms and those of Felsőszőcs can be clearly distinguished also typologically. The texture of the latter is in general badly refined, covered with cut-out lines and dots, deeply-incised spirals filled with lime and have a burned red surface ; the neck is always richly ornamented. The surface of the Berkesz

—Demecser types is smooth, and grey-coloured. Decoration: curved and straight incised lines (Fig. 6

2 Cf. note 44. 6

3 Kemenczei, T., Arch. Ért. 90 (1963) Fig. 3, nos. 8—9. — Muhi. 6

4 Ibid. Fig. 3, nos. 15—16. 6

5 Large numbers of similar mugs were found among the finds of the Trzciniecka and Komarovó cultures. But the rims of these vessels are more strictly everted, their necks more curved and their bodies more pouched than those of the Berkesz

—Demecser finds. Cf. Gardawski, A., Plemiona kultury Trzcinieckiej w Polsce. Mat. Star. 5 (1959) Pl. LXXIII. 6

6 Kemenczei, T., Arch. Ért. 90 (1963) Fig. 3, no. 13. ; Kemenczei, T., Arch. Ért. 92 (1965) Fig. 7, nos. 8, 15. ; — The vessel from Demecser ornamented with hatching and warts on the neck is the closest to the mugs of the Egyek group. 6

7 Kemenczei, T., Arch. Ért. 92 (1965) 18., Fig. 7, nos. 1, 3, 9, 11. 6

8 Kemenczei, T., Arch. Ért. 90 (1963) 178—179. 6

9 Cf. Kalicz, N., Arch. Ért. 87 (1960) Pl. II, nos. 1, 2., Pl. IV, nos. 2a-2b., Pl. V, nos. 9—10. ; Mozsolics, A., Acta Arch. Hung. 12 (1960) Pl. LXXI. nos, 1—2, 4—5. 7

0 Kemenczei, T., Arch. Ért. 92 (1965) Fig. 7, nos. 17, 19.