Folia archeologica 15.
Sándor Soproni: Castellum Carporum
52 S. SOPRONI sylvania. It might have stood north of Dacia, in the territory of the Carpi who settled during the reign of Septimus Severus 5 1 in the area north of the limes of Meses under the pressure of the migrating Goths. The name castellum probably denoted an earthwork to which the escaping Carpi retreated. From our present data the exact location of this earthwork cannot be stated. It is also doubtful whether castellum Carporum is an actual place-name or refers to a fortress, in general, which was erected by the Carpi and held by them permanently or temporarily. The name castellum and the description of Zosimos testifies to a rather permanent fortress. In all instances it deserves mention that at the end of the third century Emperor Valens set up his camp „prope Carporum vicum" 5 5 next to Moesia, among the Carpi who had settled in Roman territory. 5 6 The castellum and vicus Carporum place names were identically formed. The war against the Carpi was likely preceded by larger concentrations of troops. In addition to the units of bodyguards accompanying the Emperor which — according to the inscription, — certainly included the cohors VII praetoria, the vexillationes of various legions also participated in the campaign and in the subsequent reconstruction, as it is shown by the preserved stamped bricks and inscriptions. 5 7 An inscription from Romula and another from an unknown site, but possibly from the same 5 8 mention, in addition to local troops, the VIHth and IXth centuriae of the legio VII Claudia Philippiana. These units may be associated with the rebuilding of the city and with the campaign. Another inscription 5 9 informs us that in 248, with the help of the soldiers, the colony of Romula was surrounded by walls. The stamped bricks of legio V Macedonica, legio VII Claudia and legio XI Claudia, which Tudor considers to be the remains of a reconstruction in 248 following the war of 246—247, 6 0 were also unearthed in Romula. Besides the mentioned troops we may reckon with the troops of Maurus — mentioned by Zosimos — in the campaign. But the presence of legio XXII Primigenia Philippiana of the Rhine district in Romula deserves the most attention. According to two inscriptions, 6 1 during this period one cohors of the legio, or probably two, was stationed in this area. According to all evidence these units were certainly not summoned for reconstruction, but came sooner for the campaign. 6 2 In 248, together with the title Carpicus Maximus, the Germanicus Maximus title also appears on the coins. 6 3 Research did not yet succeed in shedding light on this war against the Germanic tribes and generally considers the title to be in memory of the war against the Quadi. 6 4 It is also possible that the Emperor 5 4 Barkóczi L., Die Grundzüge der Geschichte von Intercisa. Intercisa II. AH 36. (1957) 517. 5 5 Ammianus Marcellinus 27, 5, 5. 5 6 Eutropius BHR 9, 1 5. ; For the settlement see Nagy T., Budapest műemlékei. II. (The Monuments of Budapest. II.) (Budapest 1962) 104 and footnote 376 with bibliography.; Mócsy A., Pannónia. 571. 5 7 Ritterling, E„ Legio. PWRE XII. (Stuttgart 1925) 1338.; Tudor, D., Obergermanische Vexillationen der legio XXII Primigenia bei Romula in Dakien. Germania 25 (1941) 239 f. 5 8 Tudor, D., op. cit. 240.; id., Oltenia Romana. 269. and inscription no. 71. — CIL III 8047. 5 9 CIL III 8031 = Dessau 510. 6 0 Tudor, D., Germania 1. с. 6 1 id., Oltenia Romana. 270. and inscriptions nos. 72—73.; id., Germania 239. 6 2 id., Germania 241. 6 3 Coh V 135. no. 3. = RIC IV/3 261. 6 4 Ensslin (op. cit. 90), Calderini (op. cit. 15 1), Rappaport (op. cit. 32), as well as Groag (Wiener Studien 40. 1918. 34 f.) and Schmidt (op. cit. 205), date it to the period before the Carpian war and evidently
