Folia archeologica 5.

br. Ghillány Éva: A szurdokpüspöki szkíta lelet

52 mint általában szokott és rendkívül erősen hangsúlyozott. Az elgondolás mindkét esetben azonos, a kor is ugyanaz lehet mindkettőnél. A szurdokpüspöki lelet mindkét darabja kézműves eszköz. Ezáltal mégjobban előtérbe lép az a kérdés, vájjon importanyaggal, vagy helyi készítménnyel van-e dolgunk. Ha import, úgy fényt vet arra a szoros kapcsolatra, mely hazánk és az oroszországi anyaterületek közt fönnállott, hisz még eszközeiket is onnan kapták. Ha ellenben helyi készítmény, akkor az itteni szkita élet intenzitását világítja meg és azt, hogy az ősi formák mennyire állandók voltak. Ez a két tárgy ugyanis semmi esetre sem keletkezett a legkorábbi szkita időkben, hiszen ipari eszközök, gyakori használat nyomait viseBudapest lik magukon, tehát olyankor jelentek meg, amikor a szkitaság itt már teljesen berendezkedett. Ezen meggondolások alapján a két eszköz használatának korát a szkita kultúra virágzásának második felére tenném. Minthogy a lelet mindkét darabja eszköz, mégpedig ötvös — illetőleg kerámikus eszköz, további kérdések merülnek föl, melyek között a legfontosabb, vájjon a magyarországi szkita kuJtúrterületen meg lehet e találni ezeknek helyi készítményű darabjait, helyesebben megkülönböztethelők-e azok a nagy déloroszországi anyaterületekről importált anyagtól ? Ez a probléma azonban mélyebb tanulmányozást igényel s e kis dolgozat keretein már kívül esik. br. Ghillány Éva SCYTHIAN FINDS OF SZURDOKPÜSPÖKI In November of 1938 the Hungarian National Museum acquired by purchase two finds discovered at Szurdokpüspöki by a joiner, while digging in his own garden. He himself brought the finds to the Museum and they were immediately purchased. The finds were : a bone implement (PI. I, 1) and a small crucible for bronze moulding (Pl. I, 2—2a). According to the joiner's information a vessel also was found together with the former but this was not delivered to the Museum. On the basis of his narration as to the conditions among which the finds came to light it appears that they are not grave-finds but stray finds from a settlement. But this question requires examination. According to Prof. Gy. Éhik's determination the bone implement is made from the bone of a large mammal, in all probability from that of a horse or horned cattle. Its greatest length is 12 cm ; the greatest length of the ornament is 2.1 cm and the implement itself is 1.4 cm broad. The implement continuously narrows downwards and terminates in a point on which traces of wear are visible. The piece is broken at one third of the length from the point. The finder had stuck them together and fastened a thin wooden plate at the back to strengthen it. Above the break is on each side a protuberant wart-. Immediately under the warts the implement is 1 cm broad and above the warts 1.1 cm fora length of 4.5 mm ; from here begins the handle which is 1.4 cm broad. The warts must have served for supporting the fingers. The breadth of the handle remains unchanged as far as the ornament. The whole implement shows that it had been used by potters. The back is slightly concave according to the original curve of the bone, even the texture of the bone is well seen in the form of tiny close pores. The ornament is here not so finely executed. The other find appears to have been a crucible serving for pouring melted ore. Prof. Dr. S. Koch gives the following opinion about its texture : It had been pressed from refined clay and had not been fired, only from use it had got burnt and become hard. The length of the crucible is 6.7 cm. It consists of two parts, one the vessel and the other the handle. The vessel is heart-shaped or rather almond-shaped, with a spout, so that the melted ore could be poured from it very carefully. The length of the vessel is 5 cm, its greatest breadth 3.6 cm, its height at the spout 2.7 cm and opposite it 2.3 cm. On one side of the rim is a piece broken off and opposite it a smaller chip is also missing. The length of the handle is 3.1 cm reckoned from the neck and it is 2.1 cm broad at the neck and at the other end 2.8 cm. On the handle there is a quadrangular hole, of which the sides are 1 cm and the depth 2 cm. It must have served for fastening a metal or other handle enabling the whole crucible to be kept in the fire and the hot melted ore to be poured from it. The whole crucible stands firm.