Fogorvosi szemle, 2016 (109. évfolyam, 1-4. szám)
2016-12-01 / 4. szám
124 FOGORVOSI SZEMLE ■ 109. évf. 4. sz. 2016. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology: JE ADV, 2013; 27(8), 967-972. 17. Masdottir B, Jonsson T, Manfredsdottir V, Vikingsson A, Brekkan A, Valdimarsson H: Smoking, rheumatoid factor isotypes and severity of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology, 2000; 39(11), 1202-1205. 18. Mathews JD, Whittingham S, Hooper BM, Mackay IR, Stenhouse NS; Association of autoantibodies with smoking, cardiovascular morbidity, and death in the Busselton population. Lancet, 1973; 2(7832), 754-758. 19. Mavropoulos A, Brodin P, Rosing CK, Aass AM, Aars H: Gingival blood flow in periodontitis patients before and after periodontal surgery assessed in smokers and non-smokers. Journal of periodontology, 2007; 78(9), 1774-1782. 20. Morozumi T, Kubota T, Sato T, Okuda K, Yoshie H: Smoking cessation increases gingival blood flow and gingival crevicular fluid. Journal of clinical periodontology, 2004; 31(4), 267-272. 21. Netea MG, Van der Meer JW, Sutmuller RP, Adema GO, Kullberg BJ: From the Th1/Th2 paradigm towards a Toll-like receptor/T- helper bias. Antimicrobial agents and chemotherapy, 2005; 49(10), 3991-3996. 22. Ohlrich EJ, Cullinan MP, Seymour GJ: The immunopathogenesis of periodontal disease. Australian dental journal, 2009; 54 Suppl 1, S2-10. 23. Pace E, Ferraro M, Siena L, Meus M, Montalbano AM, Johnson M, et al: Cigarette smoke increases Toll-like receptor 4 and modifies lipopolysaccharide-mediated responses in airway epithelial cells. Immunology, 2008; 124(3), 401-411. 24. Preus HR, Khanifam P, Kolltveit K, Mork C, Gjermo P: Periodontitis in psoriasis patients: a blinded, case-controlled study. Acta odontologica Scandinavica, 2010; 68(3), 165-170. 25. Rieckmann P, D’Alessandro F, Nordan RP, Fauci AS, Kehrl JH: IL-6 and tumor necrosis factor-alpha. Autocrine and paracrine cytokines involved in B cell function. Journal of immunology, 1991; 146(10), 3462-3468. 26. Schon MP, Boehncke WH: Psoriasis. The New England journal of medicine, 2005; 352(18), 1899-1912. 27. Sopori M: Effects of cigarette smoke on the immune system. Nature reviews Immunology, 2002; 2(5), 372-377. 28. Sullivan AK, Simonian PL, Falta MT, Mitchell JD, Cosgrove GP, Brown KK, et al: Oligoclonal CD4+ T cells in the lungs of patients with severe emphysema. American journal of respiratory and critical care medicine, 2005; 172(5), 590-596. 29. Tomar SL, Asma S: Smoking-attributable periodontitis in the United States: findings from NHANES III. National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey. Journal of periodontology, 2000; 71(5), 743-751. 30. Yamada J, Amar S, Petrungaro P: Psoriasis-associated periodontitis: a case report. Journal of periodontology, 1992; 63(10), 854- 857. Gheorghita D, Antal MÁ, Nagy K, Kertész A, Braunitzer G Smoking and Psoriasis as Synergistic Risk Factors in Periodontal disease In the literature both smoking and psoriasis are discussed as predisposing factors for chronic periodontal disease. It is also known that smoking leads to deterioration in both psoriasis and periodontal disease. However, up to now, the only study to address the question what effect the co-occurrence of psoriasis and smoking has on the periodontal status of the individual, was a previous study of ours. In the present study, we repeated our measurements in an extended sample. 82 psoriatic patients and 117 controls participated, who all received a full-mouth examination so that their periodontal status could be determined. The analysis was aimed at finding out about to what extent the individual risk factors (i.e. smoking and psoriasis) increased the chance of the occurrence of the advanced stages of periodontal disease. The odds ratio for smoking was 1,32 (p = 0,465), and 1,85 for psoriasis (p = 0,163). In those patients who smoked, the odds ratio was 6,22 (p < 0,001), which is three times higher than the simple combination of odds. This suggests that the risk factors are in a synergistic relationship. Key words: periodontitis, psoriasis, smoking, immunology
