Fogorvosi szemle, 2009 (102. évfolyam, 1-6. szám)

2009-04-01 / 2. szám

70

FOGORVOSI SZEMLE ■ 101. évf. 5. sz. 2008.

INFLAMMATIONS OF THE GASTROINTESTINAL TRACT AS ORAL RISK FACTORS

Betegh Krisztina, Katona József, Lestyán János Saint John’s Hospital, Budapest, Hungary

This presentation is about the oral manifestation of Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative Colitis. Symptoms of several systemic diseases could appear in the oral cavity. Examining the oral cavity also provides partial information about the activity of the internal organs. Crohn’s disease and Ulcerative Colitis are classified as systemic chronic inflammatory disorders of the gastrointestinal tract, and they might have symptoms also in the oral cavity. Disorders of the oral cavity may be initial manifestations of Crohn’s disease, Ulcerative Colitis and other systemic diseases. Besides the introduction of the two diseases, particularly the Crohn’s disease, the authors aim is to call attention to the necessity of the complex examination of the cavity in all dental patients.

ORAL HEALTH AND FLUORIDES

Borutta Annerose

Friedrich-Schiller-University, Jena, Germany

During the past more than 20 years dental caries has declined in all developed nations of the world. At the first International Conference on the Declining Prevalence of Dental Caries in 1982 it was stated that caries has dropped by more than 50%. The main reason for this development is the widespread use of fluorides, particularly through toothpastes. Caries decline in Germany is being observed since the 1990s. As it has been also observed in other countries this phenomenon is more relevant in permanent dentition rather than in primary one. Historically it was believed that fluoride needed to become incorporated into the crystal lattice of enamel during the mineralization of teeth in order to effectively prevent the development of dental caries. Systemic fluoridation, especially drinkingwater fluoridation was then the chosen means to be introduced in several countries due to this reason. Now there is an increasing body of evidence to suggest that a substantial part of the cariostatic activity of fluoride is due to its effects on erupted teeth, and that the continuous presence of fluoride in the saliva and in the fluid phase of dental plaque is critical to its mechanism of action. There is also a growing consensus that through its interaction with the surface of enamel, fluoride in the saliva and dental plaque inhibits the demineralization and promotes the remineralization taking place at the surface of the tooth. Besides daily use of F-toothpaste and other topical fluorides such as varnishes, gels, fluids, and solutions are recommended especially for high-caries-risk patients. Since 2006

the guidelines “Fluoride Measures” were elaborated in Germany which give support for an evidence-based use of fluoride.

SECONDARY PERIODONTAL PREVENTION

Gera István

Semmelweis University, Budapest

Periodontal disease is the result of interactions between dental biofilm and the immune response developed by the host. A successful strategy for primary and secondary prevention of periodontal disease therefore depends on an understanding of the bacterial etiology, genetic and acquired risk factors, the course and consequences of disease. Despite a relatively weak correlation between the progression of gingivitis to periodontal disease, there is overwhelming evidence that the complete removal of bacterial plaque from the sulcular area is the most effective method of preventing as well as treating gingivitis and periodontitis. The progression of periodontitis is dependent on subgingival biofilm which is, in turn, derived from the supragingival dental plaque. In this way a meticulous mechanical supragingival plaque control can reduce the risk for the development or recurrence of periodontal disease. Though toothbrushing is the primary tool of oral health measures, the majority of the population do not clean their teeth thoroughly enough to prevent plaque accumulation. The interproximal areas carry the most risk, and the importance of interdental plaque control at reducing inflammation is well documented. The toothbrush alone is capable of removing up to 1 mm of subgingival plaque, but is ineffective in the interproximal region. However, it is unclear whether chronic periodontitis can be entirely prevented or controlled by self-performed oral hygiene combined with professional care. Currently there are no methods of influencing the immune response determined by several genetic and systemic risk factors. Therefore the prevention and treatment of periodontal diseases are routinely approached by inhibiting formation and maturation of dental biofilm by effective mechanical individual and professional plaque-removal.

POSSIBLE EFFECT OF PREVENTIVE PERIODONTAL TREATMENT ON THE PREGNANCY OUTCOME

Gorzó István, Pál Attila, Novák Tibor, Eller József, Radnai Márta

University of Szeged, Faculty of Dentistry, Szeged, Hungary

There is growing evidence that chronic periodontitis may be a risk factor for preterm birth. Randomized in-