Fogorvosi szemle, 2007 (100. évfolyam, 1-6. szám)

2007-04-01 / 2. szám

52 FOGORVOSI SZEMLE 100. évf. 2.SZ. 2007. 18. Kato I, Nomura AM: Alcohol in the etiology of upper aero-diges­tive tract cancer. Eur J Cancer Oral Oncol 1994; 30B: 75-81. 19. Kogevinas M, Porta M: Socioeconomic differences in cancer sur­vival. In: Kogevinas M, Pearce N, Susser M, Boffetta P (eds): Social Inequalities and Cancer. IARC Sci. Pubi. No 138. IARC, Lyon. 1997; 251-265. 20. Lalond M: A new perspective on the health of Canadians. A work­ing document. Information Canada. 1974. 21. Llewellyn CD, Johnson NW, Warnakulasuryia KA: Risk factors for squamous cell carcinoma of oral cavity in young people. A compre­hensive review. Oral Oncology 2001 ; 37: 401-418. 22. La Vecchia C, Tavani A, Franchesci S, Levi F, Corrao G, Nrgri E: Epidemiology and prevention of oral cancer. Oral Cancer 1997; 33: 302-312. 23. Mork J, Lie AK, Glattre E, Hallmans G, Jellum E, Koskekla I, Möller B, Pukkala E, Schiller JT, Youngman L, Lehtinen M, Dillner J: Human papillomavirus infection and a risk factor for squamous-cell carcinoma of the head and neck. N Enql J Med 2001 ; 344: 1125— 1131. 24. Möller H, Tönnesen H: Alcohol drinking, social class and can­cer. In: Kogevinas M, Pearce N, Susser M, Boffetta P (eds): Social Inequalities and Cancer. IARC Sci. Publ. No 138. IARC, Lyon. 1997; 251-265. 25. Páldy A, Nádor G, Vincze I, Zsámbokiné Bakacs M, Rajcsányi Á, Pintér A: Az ajak, szájüreg és garat rosszindulatú daganatos beteg­sége miatti halálozás, valamint a morbiditás területi különbségei Magyarországon. Magyar Onkol 2001; 45: 106-114. 26. Parkin DM, Chen vW, Ferlay J, Galceran J, Storm HH, Whelan SL (eds): Comparability and Quality Control in Cancer Registration. IARC Technical Report. No 19. 1998. 27. Pearce N, Susser M, Boffetta P (eds): Social Inequalities and Cancer. IARC Sei. Publ. No 138. IARC, Lyon. 1997; 177-206. 28. Pindborg JJ: Clinical relevance of precancerous lesions of oral mucosa. In: Papa H-D, Gancer U, Schmidt G (eds): Carcinoma of Oral Cavity and Oropharynx. Springer, Berlin. 1994; 9-16. 29. Remenár É: Javaslat a szájüreg és a garat rosszindulatú dagana­tainak korai felismerésére a veszélyeztetett populáció célzott szűré­sével. Magyar Onkol 2001; 45: 149-151. 30. Sanchez MJ, Martinez C, Nieto A, Castellsague X, Quinttana MJ, Bosch FX, Munoz N, Herreo R, Francheschi S: Oral and oropharyn­geal Cancer in Soain: Influence of dietary patterns. Eur J Cancer Prev 2003; 12: 49-56. 31. Schwartz SM, Daling JR, Doody DR, Wpf GC, Carter JJ, Mad­eleine MM, Mao EJ, Fitzgibbons ED, Huang S, Beckman AM, McDou­gall JK, Galloway DA: Oral cancer risk in relation to sexual history and evidence of human papillomavirus infection. J Natl Cancer Inst 1998; 90: 1626-1636. 32. Shah KV: Do human papillomavirus infection cause oral cancer? J Natl Cancer Inst 1998; 90: 1585-1586. 33. Shah JP, Johnson NW, Batsakus JG: Oral Cancer. Martin Dunitz. London 2003. 34. Speight PM, Morgan PR: The natural history and pathology of oral cancer and precancer. Community Dent Health 1993; 10:31-41. 35. Stellman SD, Resnikow K: Tobacco smoking, cancer and social class. In: Kogevinas M, Pearce N, Susser M, Boffetta P (eds): So­cial Inequalities and Cancer. IARC Sei. Publ. No 138. IARC, Lyon. 1997; 229-250. 36. Stewart BW. Kleihues P (eds): World Cancer Report. WHO nternational Agency for Research on Cancer. IARC Press, Lyon. 2003. 37. Szabó Gy, Klenk G, Veér A: A krónikus alkoholfogyasztás és a dohányzás összefüggése a szájüregi rákbetegséggel: szűrővizsgálat a veszélyeztetett populációban. Orv Heti! 1997; 138: 3297-3299. 38. Tuyns AJ, Esteve J, Raymond L, Berrino F, Benhamou E, Blanchet F, Boffeta P, Crosignani P, del Moral AL: Cancer of the larynx/hypo­­pharynx, tobacco and alcohol: IARC international case-control study in Turin and Varese (Italy), Zaragosa and Navarra (Spain), Geneva (Switzeraland) and Calvados (France). IntJ Cancer 1988; 41: 483- 491. 39. Wake M: The urban/rural divide in head and neck cancer - the effect of atmospheric pollution. Otolaryngol 1993; 18: 298-302. 40. Winn DM: Diet and nutrition in the etiology of oral cancer. Am J Clin Nutr 1995; 61: 437S-445S. 41. Winn DM: Epidemiology of cancer and other sytemic effect asso­ciated with the use of smokeless tobacco. Adv Dent Res 1997; 11 : 313-321. 42. World Cancer Research Fund: Food, Nutrition and Prevention of Cancer: a global perspective. Washington, 1997, 43. World Health Organization Collaborating Centre for Oral Pre­cancerous Lesions: Definition of leukoplakia and related lesions: An aid to studies on oral precancer. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol 1978; 46: 518-539. 44. Zheng TZ, Boyle P, Hu HF, Duan J, Jian PJ, Ma DQ, Shui LP, Niu SR, Scully C, MacMahon B: Dentition, oral hygiene, and risk of oral cancer. A case-control study in Beijing. Cancer Causes Control 1990; 1: 235-241. Dr. Döbrössy, L: Epidemiology of oral cancer In Hungary, the mortality rate from oral cancer is dramatically increasing, causing great concern. Smoking, drinking and poor oral hygiene are the major risk factors, and their combined effect could only be prevented by primary pre­ventive measures in a long time period and therefore the benefit from primary prevention can be detected much later. The possibilities of the secondary preventive measures are much better to identify the premalignant conditions and le­sions for these cancers. Screening could be used to detect both precancerous lesions and early invasive cancers, however, no study as yet has demonstrated a reduced mortality from screening, therefore, sui generis regular, organ­ised screening,based on personal call-and-recall system, is not recommended. In the same time, regular opportunistic screening by clinical examination, i.e. visual inspection, using dental mirror, and palpation of the region in asymptom­atic persons at high risk offers prime opportunity for early detection and early treatment. Recently, the government has decided to take action by promoting the clinical examination. To this effect, a Working Group consisting of subject ex­perts and headed by the Chief Medical Officer has been appointed and charged with elaboration of a workable plan of action. In terms of action, priority should be given to men and women above 40 years of age who are heavy smokers and drinkers; socioeconomic differentials should be taken into account. In the first place, dentist-patient encounters pro­vide opportunity for such an examination, but primary care physicians and those engaged in occupational medicine are also requested to take part in the endeavour. As a prerequisite, the screening method needs to be .corporated in the curriculum of dental/medical education. From all these, the oral cancer-related epidemiological sit' ition is expected to improve in Hungary. Key words: oral-oropharyngeal cancer, incidence and mortality, primary prevention, opportunis c screening

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