Az Eszterházy Károly Tanárképző Főiskola Tudományos Közleményei. 1989. 19/3. (Acta Academiae Paedagogicae Agriensis : Nova series ; Tom. 19)
Kovács, Éva: The History of Teaching Vocabulary
125 3. Mio logs - are significative or functional units stich as affixes and the more concrete inflexions: -iy, ment, -less, -ed, -ing, -ist, -er. Mono-, hi-, multi-, poly-, unl-, nun•, in-, ex, etc. 4. Alogism is the term we may use in order to designate ttiose cases in which a given concept is expressed without the use of any concrete lexicological unit. Instead of saying tree which bears fruit we may say fruit tree. Palmer calls the smallest unit of the language the ergon which can be any of the above mentioned lexical units and sentences are formed from these ergons. This concept appears later in the theory of kernel sentences by Chomsky and in this way Palmer precedes generative and transformative grammar. Palmer's principle of ergonic combination on ans that beginners should learn first the basic units of the language i. e. the primary matter imitatively by heart and from this they will be able to build up and derive sentences i. e. the secondary matter. (Palmer 1917: 6B). That is why Palmer lays great emphasis on learning by heart which fie regards the basis of all linguistic study, for every sentence ever uttered or written by anybody has either been learnt in its entirety or else has been composed (consciously or subconsciously) from smaller units, each of which must at one time have been learn! by hüirt. (Palmer 1917: 60). For this principle i. e. creative learning at a syntactic level Palmer developed a special methodological procedure in the form of substitution tables. Palmer suggests the following four ways of semantjcizing: 1. By immediate association, i.,e. associating the unit with that which is designated by it. 2, By translation, i. e. associating the unit with the equivalent native unit. 3 By definition, i. e. associating the unit with its definition or paraphrase. 4. By context, i. e. giving examples of its use Though Palmer emphasizes the primacy of the foreign language I« does not exclude the mother tongue when semanticizing. Vitien it .is convenient to
