Az Eszterházy Károly Tanárképző Főiskola Tudományos Közleményei. 2002. Vol. 3. Eger Journal of English Studies.(Acta Academiae Paedagogicae Agriensis : Nova series ; Tom. 29)
Albert Péter Vernes: Translation as Interpretation
TRANSLATION AS INTERPRETATION 137 intention then the target text is not a translation but something else, a summary or an exegesis, for example. 4 Direct and Indirect Translation A limiting case of translation as interpretive use is when the interpretive resemblance between the translation and the original is purportedly complete: that is, when the translation "purports to allow the recovery of the originally intended interpretation interlingually" (Gutt 1991:163). In a way, this is similar to direct quotations, which may be employed to allow the recovery of the original interpretation intralingually, on condition that they are processed in the original context. Generally speaking, two stimuli may give rise to the same interpretation if and only if they are processed in the same context, because any interpretation is causally dependent on the interplay between stimulus and context. This kind of direct translation, consequently, is only possible if the translation is processed in the original, or primary, context, otherwise the contextual differences will result in differences in contextual effects. Technically, the following definition can be adopted: A receptor language utterance is a direct translation of a source language utterance if and only if it purports to interpretively resemble the original completely in the context envisaged for the original (Gutt 1991:163). Naturally, in interlingual (intercultural) situations it is very rare that the original context should be available in the target culture. It is possible perhaps in circumstances where different language communities have shared the same geographical, political, and economic environment for a long enough time to eliminate major cultural differences but in most cases the secondary communication situation will be substantially different to exclude the possibility of direct translation. This, then, implies that the default case is not direct but indirect translation, which covers various grades of interpretive resemblance. Consider, for an illustration of the exposition above, example 3, taken from an interview with Clint Eastwood by Ginny Dougarry (The Times Magazine, 28 xMarch 1998, p. 19):
