Az Eszterházy Károly Tanárképző Főiskola Tudományos Közleményei. 2002. Vol. 3. Eger Journal of English Studies.(Acta Academiae Paedagogicae Agriensis : Nova series ; Tom. 29)

Csaba Ceglédi: On the Constituent Structure of Infinitives and Gerunds in English

96 CSABA CZEGLÉDI Gerunds may contain the same range of adverbs as ordinary sentences: (55) a. John sarcastically criticizing the book b. John's sarcastically criticizing the book c. John criticizing the book too often d. John's criticizing the book too often e. John refusing the offer in a suspicious manner f. John's refusing the offer in a suspicious manner Transformations, such as Extraposition, Subject Raising, Tough Movement, Dative Movement, and Particle Movement, which otherwise apply in finite and infinitival clauses, also apply in gerunds: Extraposition and Subject Raising: (56) a. That John will win being certain b. It(s) being certain that John will win c. John('s) being certain to win Tough Movement: (57) a. It(s) being easy to please John b. John('s) being easy to please Dative Movement: (58) a. John('s) giving a book to Bill b. John('s) giving Bill a book Particle Movement: (59) a. John('s) looking up the information b. John('s) looking the information up c. *John's looking of the information up V'+-ing assigns Case to its argument: (60) a. John destroyed the spaceship. b. John('s) destroying the spaceship c. *John's destruction the spaceship