Az Eszterházy Károly Tanárképző Főiskola Tudományos Közleményei. 1998. Vol. 2. Eger Journal of English Studies.(Acta Academiae Paedagogicae Agriensis : Nova series ; Tom. 26)

Studies - Éva Kovács: Identification of phrasal verbs in the literature

Type I (intransitive) phrasal verbs consisting of a verb plus an adverb particle, as exemplified in : She turned up unexpectedly. When will they give in? Type II (transitive) phrasal verbs, which take a direct object. Examples are: They have called off the strike. Someone turned on the light. Type I prepositional verbs consisting of a lexical verb followed by a preposition with which it is semantically associated. E.g.: Look at these pictures. I approve of their action. Type II prepositional verbs, which are followed by two noun phrases, normally separated by the preposition: the former is the direct object, the latter the prepositional object. E.g.: He deprived the peasants of their land. May I remind you of our agreement? Phrasal-prepositional verbs, which contain, in addition to the lexical verb, both an adverb and a preposition as particles. Type I phrasal - prepositional verbs require a prepositional object. E.g.: He had to put up with a lot of teasing at school. We are all looking forward to your party on Saturday. Type II phrasal - prepositional require a direct object and a prepositional object. E.g.: We put our success down to hard work. I'll let you in on a secret. Quirk et al. draw a distinction between phrasal verbs like 'give in' (surrender), 'blow up' (explode) and free combinations in which the verb and the adverb have distinct meanings, the verb acting as a normal intransitive verb, and the adverb having its own meaning. E.g.: He walked past. I waded across. Past and across are considered to be adverbs, but their function is equivalent to that of a prepositional phrase of direction, i.e. past the object/ place and across the river/ water etc. Thus the term 'phrasal verb' is used only for idiomatic combinations. We can observe that Quirk et al.'s Type II. covers patterns [Bli], [B

Iii] and [Bliii] in the Oxford Dictionary. Palmer (1988:214-238) defines phrasal verbs as verbs which consist of a verb plus a particle that is clearly to be treated as an adverb. There are two types, transitive and intransitive. E.g. The plane flew in. vs. The pilot flew the plane in. In contrast to Quirk et al., Palmer uses the term 'phrasal verb' for both idiomatic and non-idiomatic combinations. E.g. The enemy gave in 116