Az Eszterházy Károly Tanárképző Főiskola Tudományos Közleményei. 1996. Vol. 1. Eger Journal of English Studies.(Acta Academiae Paedagogicae Agriensis : Nova series ; Tom. 24)

Éva Kovács: Complements vs. adjuncts in valency grammar

(IIa) * I met him to Manchester (11 b) I met him in Manchester. Engel and Schumacher (1976:65) pointed out that a strongly governed preposition often cannot be replaced by an alternative near synonymous preposition, while in a prepositional adjunct it often can like in (12-13) (12a) Inge is arguing with her friend. (12b) * Inge is arguing in the company of her friend. (13a) Anne is travelling to Geneva with her friend. (13b) Anne is travelling to Geneva in the company of her friend. Somers (1984:514) comes to the conclusion that if a preposition cannot be exchanged with another preposition having a similar meaning, then this is a strong indication that the prepositional element is a complement of the verb. Unfortunately, a negative result of the test does not necessarily imply adjunct status which can be exemplified by verbs of motion, which have a directional locative as a complement as in (14) (14) Jane walked into townIto the shops/up the hill/across the field. There are also state verbs for which a positional locative is valency bound like in (15) (15) He lives in Salford ! by the sea / near Rod / outside the city limits. 3.5 The cfosoTest It was Somers (1984:516) who introduced the do bötest , which he regards as a reliable means of distinguishing complements and adjuncts. Several authors (e.g. Quirk et al. 1972:49,582, 684-697); Palmer (1974:23-24), have noted the use of do as a general pro form for verbs. Lakoff and Ross (1976:105) described the use of the phrase do so as a proform for the verb phrase. Thus (16a) may be reduced to (16b): (16a) Harry went to Reading and Ben went to Reading. 121